Alabama · GEOID 01003

Baldwin County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 246,989 · 132,258 housing units

Median household income

$78,775

State $65,481

Median home value

$316,900

State $213,194

Median gross rent

$1,277

State $1,018

Homeownership rate

77.6%

State 70.2%

Renter cost-burden rate

47.2%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

20.5%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

1.7%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

24.9%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

25.5%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

4.02

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Baldwin County	Alabama
Population	246,989	5,086,768
Population density (per sq. mi.)	155.35	—
Median household income	$78,775	$65,481
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$102,400	—
Households	98,574	—
Average household size	2.47 people	—
Owner-occupied	77.6%	70.2%
Renter-occupied	22.4%	29.8%
Race	81.8% White · 8.1% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Baldwin County compared with Alabama.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

33.7% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 28.4%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	19.5%	$61,644	$1,541	$198,440
1 earner	31.3%	$75,308	$1,883	$249,302
2 earners	39.7%	$120,616	$3,015	$417,954
3+ earners	9.4%	$153,925	$3,848	$541,942

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

98,574

Average size: 2.47 people

Households with children

23,167

23.5% of households

Per-capita income

$42,357

Poverty rate: 9.7%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

77.6% owner-occupied vs. state average 70.2%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 66.6% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 10.6%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

20.0% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,999.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $316,900.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,277.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 33,684 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 3.9% · For rent 22.3% · Seasonal 57.5% · Other 12.7%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

29.8% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 70.2% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

14.6%

19,354 units of 132,258 total

⚑ Above the 10% threshold — meaningful pressure on year-round residents from second-home / short-term-rental demand.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

3.2%

4,277 units of 132,258 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$63,020

100% MHI$78,775

120% MHI$94,530

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Baldwin County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$57,300	$65,450	$81,800
100% AMI	$71,680	$81,920	$102,400
120% AMI	$86,000	$98,300	$122,900

HUD FMR Area: Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

47.2% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (21.8% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

20.5% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Baldwin County.

Covered employment

79,069

Across 20 sectors

Establishments

8,753

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$50,889

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	15,025	$38,606	$112,685	−$204,215	$965
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	14,327	$28,446	$74,866	−$242,034	$711
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	11,003	$57,258	$182,114	−$134,786	$1,431
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	5,859	$70,795	$232,504	−$84,396	$1,770
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	4,543	$56,165	$178,046	−$138,854	$1,404
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	4,185	$43,463	$130,765	−$186,135	$1,087
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	4,089	$65,186	$211,625	−$105,275	$1,630
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	3,086	$76,617	$254,175	−$62,725	$1,915
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	2,451	$48,584	$149,827	−$167,073	$1,215
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	2,409	$52,078	$162,832	−$154,068	$1,302
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	2,357	$88,107	$296,945	−$19,955	$2,203
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	2,350	$63,177	$204,147	−$112,753	$1,579
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	2,061	$86,218	$289,913	−$26,987	$2,155
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	1,993	$25,945	$65,557	−$251,343	$649
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	1,423	$53,365	$167,623	−$149,277	$1,334
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	649	$52,843	$165,680	−$151,220	$1,321
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	628	$76,374	$253,270	−$63,630	$1,909
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	340	$90,355	$305,312	−$11,588	$2,259
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	221	$108,814	$374,023	+$57,123	$2,720
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	70	$117,920	$407,919	+$91,019	$2,948

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	11,642	$26,723	$68,453	−$248,447	$668
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	4,788	$71,755	$236,077	−$80,823	$1,794
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	3,847	$41,655	$124,035	−$192,865	$1,041
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	3,542	$65,982	$214,588	−$102,312	$1,650
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	3,336	$31,366	$85,735	−$231,165	$784
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	3,086	$76,617	$254,175	−$62,725	$1,915
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	2,684	$35,928	$102,717	−$214,183	$898
NAICS 622 Hospitals NAICS 622	2,666	$60,465	$194,052	−$122,848	$1,512
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	2,661	$33,321	$93,013	−$223,887	$833
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	1,973	$41,970	$125,207	−$191,693	$1,049
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	1,926	$50,334	$156,341	−$160,559	$1,258
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	1,916	$69,061	$226,049	−$90,851	$1,727
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	1,907	$25,398	$63,520	−$253,380	$635
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	1,576	$26,928	$69,216	−$247,684	$673
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	1,486	$44,482	$134,558	−$182,342	$1,112
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	1,423	$53,365	$167,623	−$149,277	$1,334
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	1,423	$26,497	$67,611	−$249,289	$662
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	1,408	$82,134	$274,711	−$42,189	$2,053
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	1,351	$30,673	$83,156	−$233,744	$767
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	1,330	$33,953	$95,365	−$221,535	$849
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	1,247	$84,595	$283,872	−$33,028	$2,115
NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing NAICS 336	1,074	$81,490	$272,314	−$44,586	$2,037
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	1,068	$77,985	$259,267	−$57,633	$1,950
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	1,038	$60,869	$195,556	−$121,344	$1,522
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	980	$34,777	$98,432	−$218,468	$869
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	909	$71,983	$236,926	−$79,974	$1,800
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	795	$38,031	$110,545	−$206,355	$951
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	789	$75,527	$250,118	−$66,782	$1,888
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	752	$68,853	$225,275	−$91,625	$1,721
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	728	$46,430	$141,809	−$175,091	$1,161
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	680	$72,532	$238,969	−$77,931	$1,813
NAICS 493 Warehousing and storage NAICS 493	510	$59,045	$188,766	−$128,134	$1,476
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	505	$58,318	$186,060	−$130,840	$1,458
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	481	$55,988	$177,387	−$139,513	$1,400
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	466	$58,365	$186,235	−$130,665	$1,459
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	414	$63,590	$205,684	−$111,216	$1,590
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	398	$79,920	$266,470	−$50,430	$1,998
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	385	$50,462	$156,817	−$160,083	$1,262
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	360	$61,423	$197,618	−$119,282	$1,536
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	358	$140,782	$493,019	+$176,119	$3,520
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	352	$53,665	$168,740	−$148,160	$1,342
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	340	$90,355	$305,312	−$11,588	$2,259
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	338	$64,045	$207,378	−$109,522	$1,601
NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers NAICS 492	297	$55,170	$174,342	−$142,558	$1,379
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	287	$64,819	$210,259	−$106,641	$1,620
NAICS 322 Paper manufacturing NAICS 322	269	$65,547	$212,969	−$103,931	$1,639
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	265	$66,095	$215,009	−$101,891	$1,652
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	241	$58,529	$186,845	−$130,055	$1,463
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	221	$108,814	$374,023	+$57,123	$2,720
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	208	$85,719	$288,056	−$28,844	$2,143
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	207	$61,270	$197,048	−$119,852	$1,532
NAICS 523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities NAICS 523	201	$171,203	$606,256	+$289,356	$4,280
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	200	$40,820	$120,926	−$195,974	$1,021
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	195	$47,765	$146,778	−$170,122	$1,194
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	160	$53,425	$167,846	−$149,054	$1,336
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	157	$77,716	$258,266	−$58,634	$1,943
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	146	$95,599	$324,832	+$7,932	$2,390
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	145	$70,504	$231,420	−$85,480	$1,763
NAICS 115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry NAICS 115	105	$43,419	$130,601	−$186,299	$1,085
NAICS 314 Textile product mills NAICS 314	101	$24,342	$59,590	−$257,310	$609
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	99	$36,057	$103,197	−$213,703	$901
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	99	$84,215	$282,457	−$34,443	$2,105
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	89	$25,614	$64,325	−$252,575	$640
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	81	$36,104	$103,372	−$213,528	$903
NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing NAICS 326	74	$69,916	$229,232	−$87,668	$1,748
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	70	$32,693	$90,675	−$226,225	$817
NAICS 212 Mining (except oil and gas) NAICS 212	46	$131,965	$460,199	+$143,299	$3,299
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	44	$46,221	$141,031	−$175,869	$1,156
NAICS 487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation NAICS 487	41	$50,941	$158,600	−$158,300	$1,274
NAICS 533 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) NAICS 533	17	$77,263	$256,580	−$60,320	$1,932
NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing NAICS 334	13	$116,261	$401,743	+$84,843	$2,907
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	12	$32,947	$91,620	−$225,280	$824
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	10	$37,687	$109,264	−$207,636	$942
NAICS 525 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles NAICS 525	3	$134,994	$471,474	+$154,574	$3,375
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	2	$158,114	$557,534	+$240,634	$3,953
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	1	$158,860	$560,311	+$243,411	$3,972
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	1	$47,137	$144,440	−$172,460	$1,178

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	180	(130)	(42%)	$11.77	$24,490	$60,141	$612
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	2,240	440	24%	$12.68	$26,380	$67,176	$660
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	2,680	(1,260)	(32%)	$13.59	$28,260	$74,174	$707
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	3,120	290	10%	$13.74	$28,580	$75,365	$715
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	560	(510)	(48%)	$13.87	$28,840	$76,333	$721
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	4,550	90	2%	$15.91	$33,090	$92,153	$827
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	1,330	240	22%	$15.91	$33,100	$92,190	$828
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	860	130	18%	$16.28	$33,860	$95,019	$847
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	970	710	273%	$19.37	$40,290	$118,954	$1,007
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	1,070	510	91%	$20.21	$42,040	$125,468	$1,051
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	290	190	190%	$22.79	$47,410	$145,457	$1,185
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	270	0	0%	$23.00	$47,840	$147,057	$1,196
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	990	300	43%	$24.89	$51,770	$161,686	$1,294
Electricians SOC 47-2111	410	200	95%	$26.07	$54,220	$170,806	$1,356
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	330	140	74%	$27.06	$56,280	$178,474	$1,407
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	560	300	115%	$28.50	$59,270	$189,604	$1,482
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	1,770	530	43%	$36.75	$76,440	$253,516	$1,911

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 01003 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.