Georgia · GEOID 13139

Hall County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 212,705 · 80,926 housing units

Median household income

$80,901

State $79,556

Median home value

$350,400

State $310,585

Median gross rent

$1,341

State $1,398

Homeownership rate

68.6%

State 65.7%

Renter cost-burden rate

53.0%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

19.4%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

1.2%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

5.2%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

9.1%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

4.33

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Hall County	Georgia
Population	212,705	10,940,407
Population density (per sq. mi.)	541.97	—
Median household income	$80,901	$79,556
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$102,000	—
Households	73,551	—
Average household size	2.86 people	—
Owner-occupied	68.6%	65.7%
Renter-occupied	31.4%	34.3%
Race	63.3% White · 6.9% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Hall County compared with Georgia.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

27.3% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 34.9%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	15.0%	$63,561	$1,589	$205,576
1 earner	28.8%	$63,596	$1,590	$205,706
2 earners	40.9%	$106,569	$2,664	$365,666
3+ earners	15.3%	$147,396	$3,685	$517,638

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

73,551

Average size: 2.86 people

Households with children

22,211

30.2% of households

Per-capita income

$38,556

Poverty rate: 10.2%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

68.6% owner-occupied vs. state average 65.7%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 75.3% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 11.8%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

24.3% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,996.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $350,400.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,341.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 7,375 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 8.2% · For rent 17.3% · Seasonal 21.3% · Other 45.8%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

32.9% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 67.1% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

1.9%

1,568 units of 80,926 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

4.2%

3,377 units of 80,926 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$64,721

100% MHI$80,901

120% MHI$97,081

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Hall County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$57,150	$65,300	$81,600
100% AMI	$71,400	$81,600	$102,000
120% AMI	$85,700	$97,900	$122,400

HUD FMR Area: Gainesville, GA MSA. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

53.0% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (24.9% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

19.4% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Hall County.

Covered employment

101,670

Across 19 sectors

Establishments

5,907

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$63,951

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	25,074	$60,035	$192,451	−$157,949	$1,501
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	16,841	$78,967	$262,922	−$87,478	$1,974
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	9,589	$39,764	$116,996	−$233,404	$994
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	7,544	$24,796	$61,280	−$289,120	$620
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	7,298	$50,385	$156,531	−$193,869	$1,260
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	5,982	$44,184	$133,448	−$216,952	$1,105
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	5,017	$81,912	$273,885	−$76,515	$2,048
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	5,010	$72,268	$237,987	−$112,413	$1,807
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	4,798	$64,658	$209,660	−$140,740	$1,616
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	3,385	$63,224	$204,322	−$146,078	$1,581
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	2,750	$85,065	$285,621	−$64,779	$2,127
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	1,995	$45,805	$139,482	−$210,918	$1,145
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	1,901	$92,175	$312,087	−$38,313	$2,304
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	1,448	$104,604	$358,352	+$7,952	$2,615
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	1,208	$311,941	$1,130,131	+$779,731	$7,799
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	805	$58,644	$187,273	−$163,127	$1,466
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	698	$87,902	$296,182	−$54,218	$2,198
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99	174	$84,610	$283,928	−$66,472	$2,115
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	153	$111,117	$382,596	+$32,196	$2,778

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	13,102	$52,635	$164,906	−$185,494	$1,316
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	7,298	$50,385	$156,531	−$193,869	$1,260
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	7,012	$23,780	$57,498	−$292,902	$595
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	6,622	$96,252	$327,263	−$23,137	$2,406
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	5,686	$42,891	$128,635	−$221,765	$1,072
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	3,126	$68,240	$222,993	−$127,407	$1,706
NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing NAICS 336	3,090	$60,941	$195,824	−$154,576	$1,524
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	3,029	$71,643	$235,660	−$114,740	$1,791
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	2,810	$60,866	$195,544	−$154,856	$1,522
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	2,750	$85,065	$285,621	−$64,779	$2,127
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	2,351	$72,255	$237,938	−$112,462	$1,806
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	2,292	$89,662	$302,733	−$47,667	$2,242
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	2,138	$30,239	$81,540	−$268,860	$756
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	2,091	$27,283	$70,537	−$279,863	$682
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	1,955	$75,095	$248,510	−$101,890	$1,877
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	1,671	$66,831	$217,748	−$132,652	$1,671
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	1,448	$104,604	$358,352	+$7,952	$2,615
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	1,406	$46,489	$142,028	−$208,372	$1,162
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	1,292	$84,902	$285,015	−$65,385	$2,123
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	1,285	$71,809	$236,278	−$114,122	$1,795
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	1,275	$76,511	$253,780	−$96,620	$1,913
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	910	$95,713	$325,257	−$25,143	$2,393
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	860	$53,097	$166,626	−$183,774	$1,327
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	848	$77,028	$255,705	−$94,695	$1,926
NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing NAICS 326	811	$59,490	$190,422	−$159,978	$1,487
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	688	$87,768	$295,683	−$54,717	$2,194
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	664	$37,245	$107,619	−$242,781	$931
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	663	$34,183	$96,221	−$254,179	$855
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	662	$31,751	$87,168	−$263,232	$794
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	614	$32,700	$90,701	−$259,699	$818
NAICS 493 Warehousing and storage NAICS 493	593	$62,596	$201,984	−$148,416	$1,565
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	592	$65,964	$214,521	−$135,879	$1,649
NAICS 711 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries NAICS 711	590	$603,011	$2,213,592	+$1,863,192	$15,075
NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers NAICS 492	569	$61,012	$196,088	−$154,312	$1,525
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	564	$41,165	$122,211	−$228,189	$1,029
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	562	$17,989	$35,942	−$314,458	$450
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	531	$38,255	$111,379	−$239,021	$956
NAICS 331 Primary metal manufacturing NAICS 331	516	$77,462	$257,320	−$93,080	$1,937
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	491	$66,539	$216,661	−$133,739	$1,663
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	490	$57,357	$182,483	−$167,917	$1,434
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	453	$44,289	$133,839	−$216,561	$1,107
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	373	$95,377	$324,006	−$26,394	$2,384
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	370	$111,328	$383,381	+$32,981	$2,783
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	362	$44,856	$135,950	−$214,450	$1,121
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	357	$68,821	$225,156	−$125,244	$1,721
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	355	$36,625	$105,311	−$245,089	$916
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	341	$46,027	$140,309	−$210,091	$1,151
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	315	$60,645	$194,722	−$155,678	$1,516
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	296	$69,014	$225,874	−$124,526	$1,725
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	295	$62,164	$200,376	−$150,024	$1,554
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	220	$47,233	$144,798	−$205,602	$1,181
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	218	$68,913	$225,498	−$124,902	$1,723
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	191	$58,837	$187,992	−$162,408	$1,471
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	182	$74,566	$246,540	−$103,860	$1,864
NAICS 999 Unclassified NAICS 999	174	$84,610	$283,928	−$66,472	$2,115
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	168	$53,797	$169,231	−$181,169	$1,345
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	166	$64,507	$209,097	−$141,303	$1,613
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	153	$111,117	$382,596	+$32,196	$2,778
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	148	$81,359	$271,826	−$78,574	$2,034
NAICS 523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities NAICS 523	143	$159,489	$562,653	+$212,253	$3,987
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	131	$79,359	$264,382	−$86,018	$1,984
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	115	$75,846	$251,305	−$99,095	$1,896
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	115	$87,059	$293,044	−$57,356	$2,176
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	74	$28,894	$76,534	−$273,866	$722
NAICS 115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry NAICS 115	50	$50,435	$156,717	−$193,683	$1,261
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	45	$63,389	$204,936	−$145,464	$1,585
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	41	$76,225	$252,716	−$97,684	$1,906
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	32	$51,596	$161,038	−$189,362	$1,290
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	19	$48,686	$150,206	−$200,194	$1,217
NAICS 113 Forestry and logging NAICS 113	14	$60,246	$193,237	−$157,163	$1,506
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	3	$96,010	$326,362	−$24,038	$2,400

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	1,390	290	26%	$12.04	$25,040	$62,188	$626
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	2,910	660	29%	$13.09	$27,230	$70,340	$681
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	260	0	0%	$13.67	$28,430	$74,807	$711
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	1,890	120	7%	$13.96	$29,040	$77,077	$726
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	1,340	640	91%	$16.00	$33,280	$92,860	$832
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	2,590	390	18%	$16.89	$35,140	$99,784	$879
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	600	(60)	(9%)	$19.86	$41,310	$122,750	$1,033
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	1,050	200	24%	$19.88	$41,360	$122,936	$1,034
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	1,490	(460)	(24%)	$20.10	$41,800	$124,574	$1,045
Tellers SOC 43-3071	140	—	—	$20.25	$42,120	$125,765	$1,053
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	450	80	22%	$22.29	$46,360	$141,548	$1,159
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	180	(10)	(5%)	$22.90	$47,630	$146,276	$1,191
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	1,220	390	47%	$25.26	$52,540	$164,552	$1,314
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	210	40	24%	$26.51	$55,150	$174,268	$1,379
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	110	(580)	(84%)	$27.36	$56,920	$180,856	$1,423
Electricians SOC 47-2111	310	60	24%	$28.25	$58,760	$187,705	$1,469
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	2,170	900	71%	$29.17	$60,670	$194,815	$1,517
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	420	120	40%	$29.57	$61,510	$197,942	$1,538
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	820	(460)	(36%)	—	$68,020	$222,174	$1,701

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 13139 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.