Hawaii · GEOID 15001

Hawaii County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 205,769 · 90,735 housing units

Median household income

$78,639

State $100,614

Median home value

$519,300

State $830,284

Median gross rent

$1,510

State $1,996

Homeownership rate

74.0%

State 63.0%

Renter cost-burden rate

51.6%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

26.8%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

1.4%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

10.6%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

18.4%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

6.60

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Hawaii County	Hawaii
Population	205,769	1,445,235
Population density (per sq. mi.)	51.08	—
Median household income	$78,639	$100,614
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$98,300	—
Households	74,072	—
Average household size	2.74 people	—
Owner-occupied	74.0%	63.0%
Renter-occupied	26.0%	37.0%
Race	30.9% White · 0.8% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Hawaii County compared with Hawaii.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

31.4% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 36.1%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	20.5%	$55,983	$1,400	$177,368
1 earner	33.4%	$76,119	$1,903	$252,321
2 earners	34.6%	$116,490	$2,912	$402,596
3+ earners	11.5%	$160,750	$4,019	$567,347

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

74,072

Average size: 2.74 people

Households with children

16,855

22.8% of households

Per-capita income

$39,739

Poverty rate: 15.5%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

74.0% owner-occupied vs. state average 63.0%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 80.5% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 13.3%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

34.9% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,989.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $519,300.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,510.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 16,663 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 4.8% · For rent 14.1% · Seasonal 45.4% · Other 29.5%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

24.3% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 75.7% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

8.3%

7,568 units of 90,735 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

5.4%

4,921 units of 90,735 total

⚑ Above the 5% threshold — possible indicator of disinvestment, abandonment, or condemned stock.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$62,911

100% MHI$78,639

120% MHI$94,367

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Hawaii County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$67,800	$77,450	$96,800
100% AMI	$68,810	$78,640	$98,300
120% AMI	$82,550	$94,350	$117,950

HUD FMR Area: Hawaii County, HI. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

51.6% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (27.2% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

26.8% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Hawaii County.

Covered employment

71,527

Across 18 sectors

Establishments

7,125

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$58,171

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	13,305	$47,065	$144,172	−$375,128	$1,177
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	10,416	$64,511	$209,112	−$310,188	$1,613
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	10,119	$41,021	$121,675	−$397,625	$1,026
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	7,391	$56,798	$180,402	−$338,898	$1,420
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	5,305	$82,252	$275,150	−$244,150	$2,056
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	4,022	$77,531	$257,577	−$261,723	$1,938
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	3,836	$45,326	$137,699	−$381,601	$1,133
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	3,128	$59,203	$189,354	−$329,946	$1,480
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	2,374	$46,548	$142,248	−$377,052	$1,164
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	1,978	$83,861	$281,140	−$238,160	$2,097
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	1,976	$48,491	$149,480	−$369,820	$1,212
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	1,838	$66,995	$218,359	−$300,941	$1,675
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	1,716	$50,515	$157,014	−$362,286	$1,263
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	1,423	$60,839	$195,444	−$323,856	$1,521
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	1,178	$76,539	$253,885	−$265,415	$1,913
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	609	$99,777	$340,384	−$178,916	$2,494
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	556	$131,627	$458,941	−$60,359	$3,291
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	357	$78,016	$259,383	−$259,917	$1,950

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	7,391	$56,798	$180,402	−$338,898	$1,420
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	6,933	$33,339	$93,080	−$426,220	$833
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	6,372	$62,000	$199,766	−$319,534	$1,550
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	4,141	$71,464	$234,994	−$284,306	$1,787
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	3,591	$44,609	$135,030	−$384,270	$1,115
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	2,611	$31,308	$85,519	−$433,781	$783
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	2,561	$37,475	$108,475	−$410,825	$937
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	2,486	$38,227	$111,274	−$408,026	$956
NAICS 622 Hospitals NAICS 622	2,398	$91,574	$309,850	−$209,450	$2,289
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	2,021	$69,248	$226,745	−$292,555	$1,731
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	1,978	$83,861	$281,140	−$238,160	$2,097
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	1,827	$102,599	$350,889	−$168,411	$2,565
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	1,396	$39,232	$115,015	−$404,285	$981
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	1,328	$47,579	$146,086	−$373,214	$1,189
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	1,314	$45,674	$138,995	−$380,305	$1,142
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	1,297	$81,673	$272,995	−$246,305	$2,042
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	1,274	$63,710	$206,131	−$313,169	$1,593
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	1,217	$44,931	$136,229	−$383,071	$1,123
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	1,039	$64,402	$208,707	−$310,593	$1,610
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	979	$45,842	$139,620	−$379,680	$1,146
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	942	$33,843	$94,956	−$424,344	$846
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	844	$68,616	$224,393	−$294,907	$1,715
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	781	$66,872	$217,901	−$301,399	$1,672
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	704	$93,677	$317,678	−$201,622	$2,342
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	696	$81,455	$272,184	−$247,116	$2,036
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	693	$75,311	$249,314	−$269,986	$1,883
NAICS 487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation NAICS 487	672	$50,166	$155,715	−$363,585	$1,254
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	671	$37,152	$107,273	−$412,027	$929
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	633	$63,353	$204,802	−$314,498	$1,584
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	578	$49,587	$153,560	−$365,740	$1,240
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	556	$131,627	$458,941	−$60,359	$3,291
NAICS 481 Air transportation NAICS 481	553	$56,564	$179,531	−$339,769	$1,414
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	546	$72,195	$237,715	−$281,585	$1,805
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	543	$29,751	$79,724	−$439,576	$744
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	499	$55,021	$173,787	−$345,513	$1,376
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	482	$48,464	$149,380	−$369,920	$1,212
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	476	$40,753	$120,677	−$398,623	$1,019
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	473	$38,048	$110,608	−$408,692	$951
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	449	$62,450	$201,441	−$317,859	$1,561
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	374	$67,846	$221,526	−$297,774	$1,696
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	357	$78,016	$259,383	−$259,917	$1,950
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	345	$64,537	$209,209	−$310,091	$1,613
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	335	$68,705	$224,724	−$294,576	$1,718
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	306	$38,490	$112,253	−$407,047	$962
NAICS 711 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries NAICS 711	303	$34,221	$96,363	−$422,937	$856
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	296	$85,768	$288,238	−$231,062	$2,144
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	287	$84,995	$285,361	−$233,939	$2,125
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	286	$86,682	$291,640	−$227,660	$2,167
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	285	$53,428	$167,858	−$351,442	$1,336
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	246	$55,610	$175,980	−$343,320	$1,390
NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers NAICS 492	228	$57,532	$183,134	−$336,166	$1,438
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	184	$55,055	$173,914	−$345,386	$1,376
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	171	$80,725	$269,466	−$249,834	$2,018
NAICS 115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry NAICS 115	144	$44,540	$134,773	−$384,527	$1,114
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	125	$159,679	$563,360	+$44,060	$3,992
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	105	$86,991	$292,791	−$226,509	$2,175
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	89	$43,552	$131,096	−$388,204	$1,089
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	78	$59,698	$191,197	−$328,103	$1,492
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	64	$56,091	$177,770	−$341,530	$1,402
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	59	$32,583	$90,265	−$429,035	$815
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	37	$52,902	$165,900	−$353,400	$1,323
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	32	$36,178	$103,647	−$415,653	$904
NAICS 113 Forestry and logging NAICS 113	23	$42,680	$127,850	−$391,450	$1,067
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	19	$66,544	$216,680	−$302,620	$1,664
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	18	$141,769	$496,693	−$22,607	$3,544

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	4,280	1,860	77%	$17.91	$37,240	$107,600	$931
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	2,410	70	3%	$18.79	$39,090	$114,487	$977
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	260	(230)	(47%)	$18.91	$39,330	$115,380	$983
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	3,840	(130)	(3%)	$19.42	$40,400	$119,363	$1,010
Tellers SOC 43-3071	450	20	5%	$20.51	$42,670	$127,813	$1,067
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	1,900	(680)	(26%)	$20.89	$43,460	$130,753	$1,087
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	2,560	380	17%	$21.34	$44,390	$134,215	$1,110
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	960	(550)	(36%)	$22.39	$46,580	$142,367	$1,165
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	1,540	240	18%	$29.20	$60,730	$195,038	$1,518
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	650	(30)	(4%)	$29.68	$61,730	$198,760	$1,543
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	500	(90)	(15%)	$32.84	$68,300	$223,216	$1,708
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	2,840	(80)	(3%)	$33.40	$69,470	$227,571	$1,737
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	1,180	570	93%	—	$70,690	$232,113	$1,767
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	900	80	10%	$34.25	$71,240	$234,160	$1,781
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	380	70	23%	$36.69	$76,320	$253,069	$1,908
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	990	130	15%	$39.95	$83,090	$278,270	$2,077
Electricians SOC 47-2111	470	130	38%	$40.20	$83,610	$280,205	$2,090
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	520	110	27%	$40.31	$83,840	$281,061	$2,096
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	1,970	220	13%	$58.00	$120,640	$418,043	$3,016

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 15001 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.