Maryland · GEOID 24005

Baltimore County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 850,796 · 350,821 housing units

Median household income

$91,768

State $106,179

Median home value

$349,300

State $433,476

Median gross rent

$1,627

State $1,696

Homeownership rate

66.4%

State 67.6%

Renter cost-burden rate

54.2%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

21.8%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.7%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

4.8%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

5.1%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

3.81

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Baltimore County	Maryland
Population	850,796	6,206,011
Population density (per sq. mi.)	1,421.88	—
Median household income	$91,768	$106,179
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$134,000	—
Households	332,801	—
Average household size	2.50 people	—
Owner-occupied	66.4%	67.6%
Renter-occupied	33.6%	32.4%
Race	52.6% White · 30.7% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Baltimore County compared with Maryland.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

42.3% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 43.4%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	12.5%	$58,188	$1,455	$185,576
1 earner	32.0%	$79,038	$1,976	$263,187
2 earners	42.8%	$147,318	$3,683	$517,348
3+ earners	12.7%	$174,276	$4,357	$617,695

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

332,801

Average size: 2.50 people

Households with children

85,108

25.6% of households

Per-capita income

$49,074

Poverty rate: 8.8%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

66.4% owner-occupied vs. state average 67.6%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 70.9% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 20.7%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

59.2% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,973.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $349,300.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,627.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 18,020 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 8.5% · For rent 31.8% · Seasonal 5.6% · Other 44.8%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

49.6% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 50.4% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

0.3%

1,011 units of 350,821 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

2.3%

8,074 units of 350,821 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$73,414

100% MHI$91,768

120% MHI$110,122

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Baltimore County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$74,800	$85,450	$106,800
100% AMI	$93,800	$107,200	$134,000
120% AMI	$112,550	$128,650	$160,800

HUD FMR Area: Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD MSA. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

54.2% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (28.3% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

21.8% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Baltimore County.

Covered employment

332,966

Across 21 sectors

Establishments

23,269

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$70,837

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	68,919	$61,226	$196,884	−$152,416	$1,531
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	42,228	$41,918	$125,014	−$224,286	$1,048
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	27,824	$28,387	$74,647	−$274,653	$710
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	26,518	$110,421	$380,005	+$30,705	$2,761
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	25,370	$54,536	$171,982	−$177,318	$1,363
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	24,489	$83,023	$278,020	−$71,280	$2,076
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	19,434	$54,106	$170,381	−$178,919	$1,353
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	17,621	$131,766	$459,458	+$110,158	$3,294
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	13,033	$83,489	$279,755	−$69,545	$2,087
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	11,848	$96,716	$328,990	−$20,310	$2,418
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	11,746	$54,733	$172,715	−$176,585	$1,368
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	11,693	$132,126	$460,798	+$111,498	$3,303
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	9,072	$50,466	$156,832	−$192,468	$1,262
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	7,093	$84,908	$285,037	−$64,263	$2,123
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	5,770	$80,595	$268,982	−$80,318	$2,015
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	4,295	$103,225	$353,219	+$3,919	$2,581
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	3,623	$125,139	$434,790	+$85,490	$3,128
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	1,366	$138,899	$486,010	+$136,710	$3,472
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	866	$49,013	$151,424	−$197,876	$1,225
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	132	$92,202	$312,188	−$37,112	$2,305
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99	26	$23,527	$56,556	−$292,744	$588

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	30,596	$68,246	$223,015	−$126,285	$1,706
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	26,518	$110,421	$380,005	+$30,705	$2,761
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	26,224	$27,721	$72,167	−$277,133	$693
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	24,285	$53,957	$169,827	−$179,473	$1,349
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	17,004	$50,108	$155,499	−$193,801	$1,253
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	16,525	$80,341	$268,037	−$81,263	$2,009
NAICS 622 Hospitals NAICS 622	11,409	$75,871	$251,398	−$97,902	$1,897
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	10,900	$133,155	$464,629	+$115,329	$3,329
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	10,717	$34,251	$96,474	−$252,826	$856
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	9,909	$41,776	$124,485	−$224,815	$1,044
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	9,072	$50,466	$156,832	−$192,468	$1,262
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	8,109	$31,974	$87,999	−$261,301	$799
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	7,443	$98,847	$336,923	−$12,377	$2,471
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	7,383	$111,681	$384,695	+$35,395	$2,792
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	6,194	$74,784	$247,352	−$101,948	$1,870
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	6,150	$88,850	$299,710	−$49,590	$2,221
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	5,448	$87,518	$294,752	−$54,548	$2,188
NAICS 523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities NAICS 523	5,400	$177,993	$631,531	+$282,231	$4,450
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	4,823	$26,648	$68,173	−$281,127	$666
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	4,657	$111,590	$384,356	+$35,056	$2,790
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	4,484	$66,131	$215,143	−$134,157	$1,653
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	4,317	$38,723	$113,121	−$236,179	$968
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	4,109	$36,590	$105,181	−$244,119	$915
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	3,623	$125,139	$434,790	+$85,490	$3,128
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	3,480	$42,738	$128,066	−$221,234	$1,068
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	3,422	$88,202	$297,298	−$52,002	$2,205
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	3,166	$43,695	$131,628	−$217,672	$1,092
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	3,127	$115,600	$399,283	+$49,983	$2,890
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	3,121	$27,608	$71,747	−$277,553	$690
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	2,791	$64,203	$207,966	−$141,334	$1,605
NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers NAICS 492	2,530	$66,157	$215,239	−$134,061	$1,654
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	2,431	$61,123	$196,501	−$152,799	$1,528
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	2,413	$65,462	$212,652	−$136,648	$1,637
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	2,327	$50,984	$158,760	−$190,540	$1,275
NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing NAICS 336	2,195	$113,004	$389,620	+$40,320	$2,825
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	1,981	$55,957	$177,271	−$172,029	$1,399
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	1,814	$87,706	$295,452	−$53,848	$2,193
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	1,626	$76,248	$252,801	−$96,499	$1,906
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	1,600	$39,299	$115,265	−$234,035	$982
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	1,450	$56,918	$180,849	−$168,451	$1,423
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	1,366	$138,899	$486,010	+$136,710	$3,472
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	1,350	$34,178	$96,203	−$253,097	$854
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	1,312	$85,154	$285,953	−$63,347	$2,129
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	1,235	$72,089	$237,320	−$111,980	$1,802
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	1,174	$111,223	$382,990	+$33,690	$2,781
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	1,088	$122,318	$424,290	+$74,990	$3,058
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	1,085	$67,513	$220,287	−$129,013	$1,688
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	1,010	$134,911	$471,165	+$121,865	$3,373
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	984	$110,110	$378,847	+$29,547	$2,753
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	973	$72,192	$237,704	−$111,596	$1,805
NAICS 711 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries NAICS 711	914	$366,201	$1,332,105	+$982,805	$9,155
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	821	$67,572	$220,506	−$128,794	$1,689
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	751	$86,526	$291,060	−$58,240	$2,163
NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing NAICS 334	737	$97,543	$332,069	−$17,231	$2,439
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	736	$101,954	$348,488	−$812	$2,549
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	711	$49,822	$154,435	−$194,865	$1,246
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	704	$101,730	$347,654	−$1,646	$2,543
NAICS 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing NAICS 335	636	$100,385	$342,648	−$6,652	$2,510
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	609	$73,927	$244,162	−$105,138	$1,848
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	558	$26,942	$69,268	−$280,032	$674
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	532	$39,908	$117,532	−$231,768	$998
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	315	$62,587	$201,951	−$147,349	$1,565
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	288	$94,380	$320,295	−$29,005	$2,360
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	280	$146,973	$516,064	+$166,764	$3,674
NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing NAICS 326	268	$71,161	$233,866	−$115,434	$1,779
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	214	$65,638	$213,307	−$135,993	$1,641
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	177	$69,958	$229,388	−$119,912	$1,749
NAICS 525 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles NAICS 525	156	$84,556	$283,727	−$65,573	$2,114
NAICS 314 Textile product mills NAICS 314	135	$89,202	$301,021	−$48,279	$2,230
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	130	$134,726	$470,476	+$121,176	$3,368
NAICS 315 Apparel manufacturing NAICS 315	117	$30,539	$82,657	−$266,643	$763
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	102	$105,687	$362,383	+$13,083	$2,642
NAICS 115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry NAICS 115	88	$40,167	$118,496	−$230,804	$1,004
NAICS 211 Oil and gas extraction NAICS 211	64	$75,287	$249,224	−$100,076	$1,882
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	57	$149,867	$526,836	+$177,536	$3,747
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	55	$55,410	$175,235	−$174,065	$1,385
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	34	$53,023	$166,350	−$182,950	$1,326
NAICS 481 Air transportation NAICS 481	28	$118,163	$408,823	+$59,523	$2,954
NAICS 999 Unclassified NAICS 999	26	$23,527	$56,556	−$292,744	$588
NAICS 521 Monetary authorities-central bank NAICS 521	24	$136,734	$477,951	+$128,651	$3,418
NAICS 533 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) NAICS 533	20	$73,919	$244,132	−$105,168	$1,848
NAICS 324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing NAICS 324	17	$178,902	$634,914	+$285,614	$4,473

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	21,090	(2,620)	(11%)	$16.26	$33,820	$94,870	$846
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	22,300	(16,910)	(43%)	$16.67	$34,670	$98,034	$867
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	3,630	(900)	(20%)	$17.64	$36,700	$105,590	$918
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	39,920	4,580	13%	$17.94	$37,320	$107,898	$933
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	19,050	(1,900)	(9%)	$18.67	$38,830	$113,519	$971
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	13,580	(6,230)	(31%)	$20.49	$42,630	$127,664	$1,066
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	19,590	(2,470)	(11%)	$20.69	$43,030	$129,153	$1,076
Tellers SOC 43-3071	1,640	(2,570)	(61%)	$22.61	$47,030	$144,042	$1,176
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	10,520	330	3%	$22.90	$47,640	$146,313	$1,191
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	10,880	(10,160)	(48%)	$23.14	$48,130	$148,137	$1,203
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	11,250	510	5%	$26.22	$54,550	$172,034	$1,364
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	15,580	4,190	37%	$29.22	$60,770	$195,187	$1,519
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	3,870	(1,630)	(30%)	$31.04	$64,560	$209,295	$1,614
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	5,220	380	8%	$34.03	$70,780	$232,448	$1,770
Electricians SOC 47-2111	6,930	1,380	25%	$35.00	$72,790	$239,930	$1,820
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	1,000	(1,940)	(66%)	$35.18	$73,170	$241,344	$1,829
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	2,510	620	33%	$35.41	$73,660	$243,168	$1,842
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	13,150	2,940	29%	—	$76,570	$254,000	$1,914
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	4,600	(2,540)	(36%)	$38.85	$80,810	$269,783	$2,020
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	30,930	0	0%	$47.64	$99,100	$337,864	$2,478

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 24005 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.