Minnesota · GEOID 27071

Koochiching County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 11,833 · 7,426 housing units

Median household income

$66,940

State $90,564

Median home value

$156,600

State $324,699

Median gross rent

$671

State $1,292

Homeownership rate

80.4%

State 72.2%

Renter cost-burden rate

31.7%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

11.2%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.0%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

1.5%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

20.9%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

2.34

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Koochiching County	Minnesota
Population	11,833	5,739,445
Population density (per sq. mi.)	3.81	—
Median household income	$66,940	$90,564
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$88,100	—
Households	5,872	—
Average household size	1.96 people	—
Owner-occupied	80.4%	72.2%
Renter-occupied	19.6%	27.8%
Race	89.7% White · 0.3% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Koochiching County compared with Minnesota.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

22.0% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 39.4%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	20.6%	$57,843	$1,446	$184,292
1 earner	33.5%	$63,514	$1,588	$205,401
2 earners	35.7%	$120,605	$3,015	$417,913
3+ earners	10.2%	$142,396	$3,560	$499,027

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

5,872

Average size: 1.96 people

Households with children

1,201

20.5% of households

Per-capita income

$42,268

Poverty rate: 9.1%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

80.4% owner-occupied vs. state average 72.2%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 85.1% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 4.3%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

65.3% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,972.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $156,600.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $671.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 1,554 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 0.0% · For rent 1.1% · Seasonal 76.4% · Other 22.5%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

1.1% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 98.9% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

16.0%

1,187 units of 7,426 total

⚑ Above the 10% threshold — meaningful pressure on year-round residents from second-home / short-term-rental demand.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

4.7%

350 units of 7,426 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$53,552

100% MHI$66,940

120% MHI$80,328

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Koochiching County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$54,900	$62,750	$78,400
100% AMI	$61,670	$70,480	$88,100
120% AMI	$74,000	$84,600	$105,700

HUD FMR Area: Koochiching County, MN. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

31.7% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (13.8% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

11.2% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Koochiching County.

Covered employment

2,646

Across 13 sectors

Establishments

322

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$42,371

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	582	$21,477	$48,925	−$107,675	$537
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	577	$30,568	$82,765	−$73,835	$764
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	441	$67,080	$218,675	+$62,075	$1,677
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	282	$49,636	$153,743	−$2,857	$1,241
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	171	$76,546	$253,911	+$97,311	$1,914
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	141	$58,647	$187,285	+$30,685	$1,466
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	110	$28,203	$73,962	−$82,638	$705
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	99	$50,484	$156,899	+$299	$1,262
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	93	$16,989	$32,219	−$124,381	$425
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	64	$53,823	$169,328	+$12,728	$1,346
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	39	$37,193	$107,425	−$49,175	$930
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	35	$32,880	$91,371	−$65,229	$822
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	12	$109,283	$375,769	+$219,169	$2,732

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	364	$19,306	$40,844	−$115,756	$483
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	298	$67,512	$220,283	+$63,683	$1,688
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	282	$49,636	$153,743	−$2,857	$1,241
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	218	$25,102	$62,419	−$94,181	$628
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	202	$42,193	$126,037	−$30,563	$1,055
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	182	$27,807	$72,488	−$84,112	$695
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	142	$33,129	$92,298	−$64,302	$828
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	119	$25,879	$65,311	−$91,289	$647
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	116	$62,315	$200,938	+$44,338	$1,558
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	111	$66,237	$215,537	+$58,937	$1,656
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	100	$75,981	$251,808	+$95,208	$1,900
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	96	$50,978	$158,738	+$2,138	$1,274
NAICS 113 Forestry and logging NAICS 113	89	$53,025	$166,358	+$9,758	$1,326
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	81	$204,620	$730,646	+$574,046	$5,116
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	71	$60,879	$195,593	+$38,993	$1,522
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	70	$27,327	$70,701	−$85,899	$683
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	64	$50,257	$156,054	−$546	$1,256
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	57	$56,560	$179,516	+$22,916	$1,414
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	45	$60,201	$193,069	+$36,469	$1,505
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	45	$7,395	$0	−$156,600	$185
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	41	$64,859	$210,408	+$53,808	$1,621
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	40	$22,608	$53,135	−$103,465	$565
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	39	$73,723	$243,403	+$86,803	$1,843
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	35	$20,207	$44,198	−$112,402	$505
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	35	$32,880	$91,371	−$65,229	$822
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	26	$23,401	$56,087	−$100,513	$585
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	21	$55,076	$173,992	+$17,392	$1,377
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	19	$32,251	$89,030	−$67,570	$806
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	16	$68,108	$222,502	+$65,902	$1,703
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	15	$14,601	$23,330	−$133,270	$365
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	14	$74,766	$247,285	+$90,685	$1,869
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	14	$29,671	$79,426	−$77,174	$742
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	12	$109,283	$375,769	+$219,169	$2,732
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	8	$68,789	$225,036	+$68,436	$1,720
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	8	$36,493	$104,820	−$51,780	$912
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	8	$64,138	$207,724	+$51,124	$1,603
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	3	$43,459	$130,750	−$25,850	$1,086
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	1	$39,870	$117,390	−$39,210	$997

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	730	(230)	(24%)	$13.07	$27,190	$70,191	$680
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	1,220	10	1%	$14.81	$30,800	$83,629	$770
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	1,740	(50)	(3%)	$15.03	$31,260	$85,341	$782
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	190	30	19%	$16.10	$33,500	$93,679	$838
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	1,060	(210)	(17%)	$17.40	$36,190	$103,692	$905
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	120	(230)	(66%)	$17.61	$36,640	$105,367	$916
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	820	(60)	(7%)	$18.81	$39,120	$114,598	$978
Tellers SOC 43-3071	230	(30)	(12%)	$19.53	$40,630	$120,219	$1,016
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	450	40	10%	$21.09	$43,870	$132,280	$1,097
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	850	(150)	(15%)	$22.11	$45,980	$140,134	$1,150
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	710	280	65%	$27.67	$57,550	$183,201	$1,439
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	640	(330)	(34%)	$28.24	$58,750	$187,668	$1,469
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	680	330	94%	$29.25	$60,840	$195,448	$1,521
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	320	(70)	(18%)	$31.58	$65,680	$213,464	$1,642
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	40	(160)	(80%)	$31.97	$66,510	$216,553	$1,663
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	620	(120)	(16%)	—	$67,940	$221,876	$1,699
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	210	0	0%	$33.79	$70,290	$230,624	$1,757
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	260	70	37%	$37.92	$78,880	$262,599	$1,972
Electricians SOC 47-2111	160	(30)	(16%)	$38.98	$81,070	$270,751	$2,027
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	1,020	270	36%	$44.49	$92,540	$313,446	$2,314

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 27071 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.