Minnesota · GEOID 27087

Mahnomen County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 5,358 · 2,547 housing units

Median household income

$59,441

State $90,564

Median home value

$161,900

State $324,699

Median gross rent

$696

State $1,292

Homeownership rate

73.3%

State 72.2%

Renter cost-burden rate

34.7%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

20.1%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.9%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

5.9%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

26.0%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

2.72

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Mahnomen County	Minnesota
Population	5,358	5,739,445
Population density (per sq. mi.)	9.60	—
Median household income	$59,441	$90,564
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$76,300	—
Households	1,885	—
Average household size	2.80 people	—
Owner-occupied	73.3%	72.2%
Renter-occupied	26.7%	27.8%
Race	44.9% White · 0.3% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Mahnomen County compared with Minnesota.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

16.2% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 39.4%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	17.0%	$33,594	$840	$94,029
1 earner	38.6%	$51,827	$1,296	$161,898
2 earners	35.4%	$110,156	$2,754	$379,018
3+ earners	9.0%	$141,250	$3,531	$494,761

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

1,885

Average size: 2.80 people

Households with children

564

29.9% of households

Per-capita income

$27,297

Poverty rate: 18.0%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

73.3% owner-occupied vs. state average 72.2%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 80.9% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 7.1%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

55.4% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,975.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $161,900.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $696.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 662 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 1.8% · For rent 4.8% · Seasonal 67.7% · Other 24.2%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

8.2% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 91.8% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

17.6%

448 units of 2,547 total

⚑ Above the 10% threshold — meaningful pressure on year-round residents from second-home / short-term-rental demand.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

6.3%

160 units of 2,547 total

⚑ Above the 5% threshold — possible indicator of disinvestment, abandonment, or condemned stock.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$47,553

100% MHI$59,441

120% MHI$71,329

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Mahnomen County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$54,900	$62,750	$78,400
100% AMI	$53,410	$61,040	$76,300
120% AMI	$64,100	$73,250	$91,550

HUD FMR Area: Mahnomen County, MN. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

34.7% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (17.3% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

20.1% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Mahnomen County.

Covered employment

1,270

Across 9 sectors

Establishments

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$48,405

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	620	$48,484	$149,454	−$12,446	$1,212
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	185	$61,598	$198,269	+$36,369	$1,540
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	164	$29,914	$80,331	−$81,569	$748
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	135	$46,809	$143,219	−$18,681	$1,170
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	114	$56,394	$178,898	+$16,998	$1,410
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	35	$41,682	$124,135	−$37,765	$1,042
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	12	$57,851	$184,322	+$22,422	$1,446
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	3	$59,357	$189,927	+$28,027	$1,484
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	2	$16,807	$31,542	−$130,358	$420

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	620	$48,484	$149,454	−$12,446	$1,212
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	185	$61,598	$198,269	+$36,369	$1,540
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	122	$44,735	$135,499	−$26,401	$1,118
NAICS 622 Hospitals NAICS 622	114	$56,394	$178,898	+$16,998	$1,410
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	84	$18,492	$37,814	−$124,086	$462
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	49	$13,090	$17,706	−$144,194	$327
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	30	$58,555	$186,942	+$25,042	$1,464
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	22	$60,665	$194,796	+$32,896	$1,517
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	12	$57,851	$184,322	+$22,422	$1,446
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	8	$34,759	$98,365	−$63,535	$869
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	4	$64,540	$209,220	+$47,320	$1,614
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	3	$87,261	$293,796	+$131,896	$2,182
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	3	$71,391	$234,722	+$72,822	$1,785
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	3	$42,455	$127,012	−$34,888	$1,061
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	3	$59,357	$189,927	+$28,027	$1,484
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	2	$16,807	$31,542	−$130,358	$420

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	3,090	(620)	(17%)	$13.69	$28,470	$74,956	$712
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	4,380	(780)	(15%)	$14.93	$31,060	$84,596	$777
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	6,150	(400)	(6%)	$15.21	$31,650	$86,793	$791
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	550	130	31%	$15.73	$32,710	$90,738	$818
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	4,990	(880)	(15%)	$17.85	$37,130	$107,191	$928
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	2,890	10	0%	$19.31	$40,160	$118,470	$1,004
Tellers SOC 43-3071	610	(310)	(34%)	$19.55	$40,660	$120,331	$1,017
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	260	(350)	(57%)	$20.95	$43,580	$131,200	$1,090
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	3,130	(1,850)	(37%)	$21.13	$43,950	$132,577	$1,099
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	3,810	(590)	(13%)	$22.63	$47,080	$144,228	$1,177
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	2,420	880	57%	$26.28	$54,660	$172,444	$1,367
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	2,380	1,300	120%	$27.71	$57,630	$183,499	$1,441
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	3,230	180	6%	$28.42	$59,120	$189,045	$1,478
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	1,240	(580)	(32%)	$28.68	$59,650	$191,018	$1,491
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	2,720	380	16%	—	$65,920	$214,357	$1,648
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	240	(360)	(60%)	$33.38	$69,430	$227,423	$1,736
Electricians SOC 47-2111	1,140	260	30%	$34.95	$72,690	$239,557	$1,817
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	710	170	31%	$35.02	$72,850	$240,153	$1,821
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	970	70	8%	$36.92	$76,790	$254,819	$1,920
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	4,650	920	25%	$45.40	$94,420	$320,444	$2,361

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 27087 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.