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Minnesota · GEOID 27169

Winona County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 49,779 · 21,855 housing units

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Median household income
$70,744
State $90,564
Median home value
$235,400
State $324,699
Median gross rent
$907
State $1,292
Homeownership rate
69.5%
State 72.2%
Renter cost-burden rate
50.9%
≥30% of income
Owner cost-burden rate
16.9%
≥30% of income
Homeowner vacancy
0.4%
Of owner-occupied + for-sale units
Rental vacancy
5.1%
Of renter-occupied + for-rent units
Overall vacancy
7.3%
All housing units
Price-to-income ratio
3.33
Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

Winona CountyMinnesota
Population 49,779 5,739,445
Population density (per sq. mi.) 79.49 —
Median household income $70,744 $90,564
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%) $106,300 —
Households 20,253 —
Average household size 2.30 people —
Owner-occupied 69.5% 72.2%
Renter-occupied 30.5% 27.8%
Race 89.8% White · 1.9% Black 0.0% White · 0.0% Black
Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Winona County compared with Minnesota.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

32.7% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 39.4%).
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners Share Median income Attainable monthly housing cost Attainable home
0 earners 13.8% $57,277 $1,432 $182,185
1 earner 27.6% $62,365 $1,559 $201,124
2 earners 46.0% $125,883 $3,147 $437,560
3+ earners 12.7% $155,159 $3,879 $546,535
Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

20,253

Average size: 2.30 people

Households with children

4,136

20.4% of households

Per-capita income

$38,508

Poverty rate: 16.6%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

69.5% owner-occupied vs. state average 72.2%.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 69.3% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 19.0%.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

63.3% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,969.00 yrs.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $235,400.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $907.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 1,602 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 3.2% · For rent 20.8% · Seasonal 25.0% · Other 39.5%.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

35.1% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 64.9% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

1.8%

401 units of 21,855 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

2.9%

633 units of 21,855 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$56,595
100% MHI$70,744
120% MHI$84,893

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Winona County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

1-person2-person4-person
80% AMI $59,550 $68,050 $85,050
100% AMI $74,410 $85,040 $106,300
120% AMI $89,300 $102,050 $127,550

HUD FMR Area: Winona County, MN. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Affordable monthly—
Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

50.9% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (28.0% spend ≥50%).
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

16.9% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Winona County.

Covered employment
21,190
Across 15 sectors
Establishments
1,109
QCEW 2024
Avg annual pay (workforce)
$51,434
Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.
Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry Employment Avg annual wage Affordable home price vs. median value Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33 5,393 $69,586 $228,003 −$7,397 $1,740
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61 2,929 $55,828 $176,791 −$58,609 $1,396
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62 2,703 $49,515 $153,292 −$82,108 $1,238
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45 2,583 $33,193 $92,536 −$142,864 $830
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72 2,522 $22,308 $52,018 −$183,382 $558
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49 1,310 $62,323 $200,968 −$34,432 $1,558
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92 988 $58,431 $186,481 −$48,919 $1,461
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23 691 $61,765 $198,891 −$36,509 $1,544
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81 552 $32,186 $88,788 −$146,612 $805
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52 546 $74,135 $244,936 +$9,536 $1,853
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51 415 $49,811 $154,394 −$81,006 $1,245
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71 392 $17,055 $32,465 −$202,935 $426
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53 104 $36,705 $105,609 −$129,791 $918
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54 41 $67,711 $221,024 −$14,376 $1,693
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56 21 $48,099 $148,021 −$87,379 $1,202
Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.
Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation 2025
jobs		 2015–2025
change		 %
change		 Hourly
wage		 Annual
wage		 Affordable
home price		 Affordable
monthly rent
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031 1,830 (520) (22%) $13.75 $28,600 $75,439 $715
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs 4,220 (540) (11%) $14.90 $30,980 $84,299 $775
Cashiers SOC 41-2011 4,660 50 1% $15.46 $32,170 $88,728 $804
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011 630 280 80% $15.63 $32,510 $89,994 $813
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031 3,410 (2,010) (37%) $17.86 $37,150 $107,265 $929
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011 2,570 20 1% $19.55 $40,650 $120,294 $1,016
Tellers SOC 43-3071 530 (270) (34%) $20.55 $42,740 $128,073 $1,069
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs 2,110 (2,500) (54%) $21.08 $43,840 $132,168 $1,096
Firefighters SOC 33-2011 220 (110) (33%) $21.96 $45,680 $139,017 $1,142
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061 2,840 (670) (19%) $22.32 $46,430 $141,809 $1,161
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071 2,060 890 76% $27.57 $57,350 $182,457 $1,434
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061 1,190 520 78% $27.91 $58,060 $185,100 $1,452
Carpenters SOC 47-2031 520 (190) (27%) $28.60 $59,490 $190,422 $1,487
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032 3,450 520 18% $28.94 $60,190 $193,028 $1,505
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021 1,600 (360) (18%) — $67,160 $218,973 $1,679
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs 80 (510) (86%) $36.27 $75,440 $249,794 $1,886
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152 630 200 47% $37.00 $76,950 $255,415 $1,924
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051 580 0 0% $37.19 $77,360 $256,941 $1,934
Electricians SOC 47-2111 930 170 22% $37.63 $78,260 $260,291 $1,957
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141 2,440 180 8% $46.27 $96,240 $327,218 $2,406
Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.
Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.
Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 27169 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.