Missouri · GEOID 29099

Jefferson County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 229,458 · 93,955 housing units

Median household income

$82,851

State $72,143

Median home value

$237,200

State $232,120

Median gross rent

$979

State $1,040

Homeownership rate

82.2%

State 68.1%

Renter cost-burden rate

39.4%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

17.2%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

1.0%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

1.8%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

6.0%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

2.86

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Jefferson County	Missouri
Population	229,458	6,191,814
Population density (per sq. mi.)	349.64	—
Median household income	$82,851	$72,143
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$113,500	—
Households	88,309	—
Average household size	2.58 people	—
Owner-occupied	82.2%	68.1%
Renter-occupied	17.8%	31.9%
Race	89.3% White · 1.0% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Jefferson County compared with Missouri.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

24.7% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 32.4%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	14.9%	$58,368	$1,459	$186,246
1 earner	29.4%	$69,417	$1,735	$227,374
2 earners	44.2%	$119,768	$2,994	$414,798
3+ earners	11.6%	$159,990	$4,000	$564,518

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

88,309

Average size: 2.58 people

Households with children

25,541

28.9% of households

Per-capita income

$39,160

Poverty rate: 8.0%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

82.2% owner-occupied vs. state average 68.1%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 81.8% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 7.6%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

39.6% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,987.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $237,200.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $979.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 5,646 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 12.6% · For rent 5.2% · Seasonal 17.7% · Other 51.9%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

29.6% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 70.4% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

1.1%

999 units of 93,955 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

3.1%

2,931 units of 93,955 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$66,281

100% MHI$82,851

120% MHI$99,421

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Jefferson County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$63,600	$72,650	$90,800
100% AMI	$79,450	$90,800	$113,500
120% AMI	$95,350	$108,950	$136,200

HUD FMR Area: St. Louis, MO-IL HUD Metro FMR Area. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

39.4% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (18.9% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

17.2% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Jefferson County.

Covered employment

49,457

Across 20 sectors

Establishments

4,596

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$49,616

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	7,630	$35,217	$100,070	−$137,130	$880
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	7,421	$55,855	$176,892	−$60,308	$1,396
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	6,463	$21,744	$49,919	−$187,281	$544
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	5,540	$47,201	$144,679	−$92,521	$1,180
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	4,422	$70,262	$230,519	−$6,681	$1,757
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	4,221	$68,587	$224,285	−$12,915	$1,715
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	2,452	$45,037	$136,623	−$100,577	$1,126
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	2,070	$43,026	$129,138	−$108,062	$1,076
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	1,962	$51,948	$162,349	−$74,851	$1,299
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	1,515	$75,782	$251,067	+$13,867	$1,895
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	1,485	$63,836	$206,600	−$30,600	$1,596
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	1,120	$69,425	$227,404	−$9,796	$1,736
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	1,098	$51,598	$161,046	−$76,154	$1,290
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	505	$23,222	$55,421	−$181,779	$581
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	487	$64,130	$207,694	−$29,506	$1,603
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	423	$91,218	$308,525	+$71,325	$2,280
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	417	$47,778	$146,826	−$90,374	$1,194
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	98	$139,942	$489,892	+$252,692	$3,499
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	75	$46,192	$140,923	−$96,277	$1,155
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	53	$82,016	$274,272	+$37,072	$2,050

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	6,261	$21,554	$49,212	−$187,988	$539
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	5,540	$47,201	$144,679	−$92,521	$1,180
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	3,007	$68,626	$224,430	−$12,770	$1,716
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	2,427	$27,996	$73,191	−$164,009	$700
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	2,326	$86,617	$291,398	+$54,198	$2,165
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	2,188	$42,631	$127,668	−$109,532	$1,066
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	1,992	$26,233	$66,629	−$170,571	$656
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	1,485	$63,836	$206,600	−$30,600	$1,596
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	1,181	$76,956	$255,437	+$18,237	$1,924
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	1,083	$57,079	$181,448	−$55,752	$1,427
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	1,081	$78,722	$262,010	+$24,810	$1,968
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	1,024	$55,788	$176,642	−$60,558	$1,395
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	968	$35,285	$100,323	−$136,877	$882
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	901	$30,891	$83,967	−$153,233	$772
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	884	$27,907	$72,860	−$164,340	$698
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	854	$39,460	$115,864	−$121,336	$987
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	803	$64,662	$209,674	−$27,526	$1,617
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	794	$89,098	$300,633	+$63,433	$2,227
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	711	$68,582	$224,266	−$12,934	$1,715
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	621	$54,100	$170,359	−$66,841	$1,353
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	612	$31,878	$87,641	−$149,559	$797
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	600	$85,743	$288,145	+$50,945	$2,144
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	585	$37,073	$106,979	−$130,221	$927
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	460	$43,138	$129,555	−$107,645	$1,078
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	423	$91,218	$308,525	+$71,325	$2,280
NAICS 331 Primary metal manufacturing NAICS 331	373	$66,686	$217,208	−$19,992	$1,667
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	371	$74,925	$247,877	+$10,677	$1,873
NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing NAICS 326	354	$56,100	$177,804	−$59,396	$1,403
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	352	$51,001	$158,824	−$78,376	$1,275
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	352	$19,979	$43,349	−$193,851	$499
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	347	$68,271	$223,108	−$14,092	$1,707
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	297	$63,796	$206,451	−$30,749	$1,595
NAICS 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing NAICS 335	288	$66,473	$216,416	−$20,784	$1,662
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	274	$49,597	$153,597	−$83,603	$1,240
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	274	$68,993	$225,796	−$11,404	$1,725
NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing NAICS 336	269	$61,930	$199,505	−$37,695	$1,548
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	264	$64,985	$210,877	−$26,323	$1,625
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	263	$75,918	$251,573	+$14,373	$1,898
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	257	$65,019	$211,003	−$26,197	$1,625
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	242	$50,898	$158,440	−$78,760	$1,272
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	209	$46,436	$141,831	−$95,369	$1,161
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	202	$27,627	$71,818	−$165,382	$691
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	168	$36,339	$104,247	−$132,953	$908
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	155	$63,786	$206,414	−$30,786	$1,595
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	139	$22,469	$52,618	−$184,582	$562
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	126	$43,409	$130,564	−$106,636	$1,085
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	98	$139,942	$489,892	+$252,692	$3,499
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	92	$30,570	$82,772	−$154,428	$764
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	80	$44,532	$134,744	−$102,456	$1,113
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	70	$20,120	$43,874	−$193,326	$503
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	68	$41,910	$124,984	−$112,216	$1,048
NAICS 523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities NAICS 523	62	$85,554	$287,442	+$50,242	$2,139
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	60	$83,678	$280,458	+$43,258	$2,092
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	55	$18,938	$39,474	−$197,726	$473
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	51	$53,474	$168,029	−$69,171	$1,337
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	47	$53,478	$168,044	−$69,156	$1,337
NAICS 487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation NAICS 487	37	$44,795	$135,723	−$101,477	$1,120
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	35	$55,997	$177,420	−$59,780	$1,400
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	27	$81,297	$271,596	+$34,396	$2,032
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	24	$78,567	$261,434	+$24,234	$1,964
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	24	$29,354	$78,246	−$158,954	$734
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	19	$94,523	$320,827	+$83,627	$2,363
NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing NAICS 334	12	$48,279	$148,691	−$88,509	$1,207
NAICS 314 Textile product mills NAICS 314	9	$20,873	$46,677	−$190,523	$522

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	19,170	(22,070)	(54%)	$15.77	$32,800	$91,073	$820
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	5,710	(600)	(10%)	$16.58	$34,490	$97,364	$862
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	31,130	680	2%	$16.59	$34,500	$97,401	$863
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	29,750	(11,640)	(28%)	$17.82	$37,070	$106,968	$927
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	19,680	(2,910)	(13%)	$18.62	$38,740	$113,184	$969
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	20,170	(6,580)	(25%)	$18.79	$39,070	$114,412	$977
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	14,620	(9,290)	(39%)	$19.58	$40,720	$120,554	$1,018
Tellers SOC 43-3071	3,580	(1,040)	(23%)	$19.80	$41,180	$122,266	$1,030
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	22,540	(1,590)	(7%)	$22.55	$46,910	$143,595	$1,173
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	13,170	120	1%	$27.14	$56,440	$179,069	$1,411
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	18,270	3,430	23%	$28.76	$59,810	$191,614	$1,495
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	1,890	(820)	(30%)	$30.13	$62,680	$202,297	$1,567
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	13,440	(540)	(4%)	—	$63,020	$203,562	$1,576
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	8,670	(1,180)	(12%)	$32.06	$66,690	$217,223	$1,667
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	2,680	(970)	(27%)	$32.34	$67,280	$219,419	$1,682
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	7,210	(720)	(9%)	$34.42	$71,600	$235,500	$1,790
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	5,950	(280)	(4%)	$34.48	$71,720	$235,947	$1,793
Electricians SOC 47-2111	5,920	1,130	24%	$36.43	$75,770	$251,022	$1,894
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	4,060	280	7%	$38.98	$81,070	$270,751	$2,027
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	35,200	1,390	4%	$42.46	$88,310	$297,700	$2,208

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 29099 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.