Montana · GEOID 30031

Gallatin County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 124,074 · 57,568 housing units

Median household income

$93,528

State $73,049

Median home value

$667,600

State $394,440

Median gross rent

$1,694

State $1,108

Homeownership rate

61.1%

State 69.2%

Renter cost-burden rate

47.8%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

25.0%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.8%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

6.2%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

11.0%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

7.14

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Gallatin County	Montana
Population	124,074	1,116,875
Population density (per sq. mi.)	47.62	—
Median household income	$93,528	$73,049
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$130,200	—
Households	51,215	—
Average household size	2.33 people	—
Owner-occupied	61.1%	69.2%
Renter-occupied	38.9%	30.8%
Race	88.8% White · 0.4% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Gallatin County compared with Montana.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

54.3% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 35.2%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	13.2%	$79,273	$1,982	$264,061
1 earner	25.3%	$81,208	$2,030	$271,264
2 earners	51.6%	$138,982	$3,475	$486,319
3+ earners	9.8%	$166,633	$4,166	$589,245

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

51,215

Average size: 2.33 people

Households with children

11,618

22.7% of households

Per-capita income

$54,482

Poverty rate: 11.2%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

61.1% owner-occupied vs. state average 69.2%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 68.2% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 21.5%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

28.7% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,998.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $667,600.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,694.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 6,353 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 4.2% · For rent 21.0% · Seasonal 49.1% · Other 20.9%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

29.7% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 70.3% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

5.4%

3,120 units of 57,568 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

2.3%

1,330 units of 57,568 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$74,822

100% MHI$93,528

120% MHI$112,234

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Gallatin County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$72,950	$83,350	$104,150
100% AMI	$91,140	$104,160	$130,200
120% AMI	$109,350	$125,000	$156,250

HUD FMR Area: Bozeman, MT MSA. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

47.8% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (24.0% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

25.0% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Gallatin County.

Covered employment

73,218

Across 21 sectors

Establishments

9,787

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$66,212

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	11,546	$40,479	$119,657	−$547,943	$1,012
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	9,402	$46,592	$142,412	−$525,188	$1,165
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	8,062	$80,212	$267,557	−$400,043	$2,005
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	7,646	$63,855	$206,670	−$460,930	$1,596
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	7,417	$58,061	$185,103	−$482,497	$1,452
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	5,514	$131,812	$459,629	−$207,971	$3,295
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	3,569	$68,138	$222,613	−$444,987	$1,703
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	2,960	$60,055	$192,526	−$475,074	$1,501
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	2,809	$52,640	$164,924	−$502,676	$1,316
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	2,355	$90,238	$304,877	−$362,723	$2,256
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	2,328	$32,091	$88,434	−$579,166	$802
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	2,129	$79,363	$264,397	−$403,203	$1,984
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	1,952	$108,729	$373,707	−$293,893	$2,718
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	1,577	$61,577	$198,191	−$469,409	$1,539
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	1,511	$70,025	$229,637	−$437,963	$1,751
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	936	$53,746	$169,041	−$498,559	$1,344
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	702	$118,668	$410,703	−$256,897	$2,967
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	293	$89,389	$301,717	−$365,883	$2,235
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	214	$96,100	$326,697	−$340,903	$2,403
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	161	$99,086	$337,812	−$329,788	$2,477
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99	135	$101,008	$344,967	−$322,633	$2,525

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	7,417	$58,061	$185,103	−$482,497	$1,452
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	6,898	$28,344	$74,486	−$593,114	$709
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	5,514	$131,812	$459,629	−$207,971	$3,295
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	4,780	$72,820	$240,041	−$427,559	$1,821
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	4,649	$58,477	$186,652	−$480,948	$1,462
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	3,325	$86,861	$292,307	−$375,293	$2,172
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	2,772	$58,602	$187,117	−$480,483	$1,465
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	2,490	$81,142	$271,019	−$396,581	$2,029
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	1,938	$39,178	$114,814	−$552,786	$979
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	1,886	$29,039	$77,074	−$590,526	$726
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	1,840	$38,210	$111,211	−$556,389	$955
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	1,369	$55,457	$175,410	−$492,190	$1,386
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	1,239	$74,765	$247,281	−$420,319	$1,869
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	1,235	$107,831	$370,364	−$297,236	$2,696
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	1,235	$34,363	$96,891	−$570,709	$859
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	1,225	$58,286	$185,941	−$481,659	$1,457
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	1,222	$40,373	$119,263	−$548,337	$1,009
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	1,181	$68,378	$223,507	−$444,093	$1,709
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	988	$76,064	$252,117	−$415,483	$1,902
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	874	$100,510	$343,113	−$324,487	$2,513
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	836	$69,243	$226,726	−$440,874	$1,731
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	802	$89,453	$301,955	−$365,645	$2,236
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	792	$121,902	$422,741	−$244,859	$3,048
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	729	$41,730	$124,314	−$543,286	$1,043
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	693	$33,668	$94,304	−$573,296	$842
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	623	$42,146	$125,862	−$541,738	$1,054
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	616	$59,907	$191,975	−$475,625	$1,498
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	604	$73,386	$242,148	−$425,452	$1,835
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	533	$70,202	$230,296	−$437,304	$1,755
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	494	$55,647	$176,118	−$491,482	$1,391
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	476	$33,678	$94,341	−$573,259	$842
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	439	$93,431	$316,762	−$350,838	$2,336
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	382	$37,390	$108,159	−$559,441	$935
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	373	$63,349	$204,787	−$462,813	$1,584
NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing NAICS 334	357	$95,880	$325,878	−$341,722	$2,397
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	339	$63,377	$204,891	−$462,709	$1,584
NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers NAICS 492	336	$63,866	$206,711	−$460,889	$1,597
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	317	$80,956	$270,326	−$397,274	$2,024
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	294	$46,116	$140,640	−$526,960	$1,153
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	293	$89,389	$301,717	−$365,883	$2,235
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	289	$64,656	$209,652	−$457,948	$1,616
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	284	$75,535	$250,147	−$417,453	$1,888
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	269	$78,146	$259,866	−$407,734	$1,954
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	267	$45,830	$139,575	−$528,025	$1,146
NAICS 711 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries NAICS 711	251	$37,015	$106,763	−$560,837	$925
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	230	$45,268	$137,483	−$530,117	$1,132
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	230	$139,745	$489,159	−$178,441	$3,494
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	223	$78,945	$262,841	−$404,759	$1,974
NAICS 115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry NAICS 115	206	$97,087	$330,371	−$337,229	$2,427
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	191	$55,757	$176,527	−$491,073	$1,394
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	188	$81,479	$272,273	−$395,327	$2,037
NAICS 212 Mining (except oil and gas) NAICS 212	183	$100,587	$343,399	−$324,201	$2,515
NAICS 481 Air transportation NAICS 481	172	$63,868	$206,719	−$460,881	$1,597
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	161	$99,086	$337,812	−$329,788	$2,477
NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing NAICS 336	154	$72,139	$237,506	−$430,094	$1,803
NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing NAICS 326	151	$76,634	$254,238	−$413,362	$1,916
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	149	$81,501	$272,355	−$395,245	$2,038
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	138	$65,303	$212,060	−$455,540	$1,633
NAICS 999 Unclassified NAICS 999	135	$101,008	$344,967	−$322,633	$2,525
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	124	$48,153	$148,222	−$519,378	$1,204
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	122	$51,053	$159,017	−$508,583	$1,276
NAICS 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing NAICS 335	121	$72,494	$238,828	−$428,772	$1,812
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	113	$98,499	$335,627	−$331,973	$2,462
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	110	$185,541	$659,627	−$7,973	$4,639
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	108	$86,933	$292,575	−$375,025	$2,173
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	103	$88,752	$299,346	−$368,254	$2,219
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	101	$35,872	$102,508	−$565,092	$897
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	96	$48,133	$148,148	−$519,452	$1,203
NAICS 314 Textile product mills NAICS 314	91	$45,134	$136,985	−$530,615	$1,128
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	89	$74,142	$244,962	−$422,638	$1,854
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	73	$81,293	$271,581	−$396,019	$2,032
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	61	$59,913	$191,997	−$475,603	$1,498
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	52	$143,485	$503,080	−$164,520	$3,587
NAICS 213 Support activities for mining NAICS 213	31	$69,613	$228,104	−$439,496	$1,740
NAICS 533 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) NAICS 533	29	$109,175	$375,367	−$292,233	$2,729
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	28	$56,366	$178,794	−$488,806	$1,409
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	13	$100,046	$341,386	−$326,214	$2,501
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	5	$122,115	$423,534	−$244,066	$3,053

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	1,200	—	—	$15.23	$31,680	$86,904	$792
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023	1,870	—	—	$15.89	$33,050	$92,004	$826
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	280	—	—	$17.38	$36,150	$103,543	$904
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	1,460	—	—	$18.60	$38,680	$112,961	$967
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	2,270	—	—	$19.94	$41,480	$123,383	$1,037
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	1,180	—	—	$20.61	$42,860	$128,520	$1,072
Tellers SOC 43-3071	170	—	—	$20.81	$43,280	$130,083	$1,082
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131	340	—	—	$22.68	$47,170	$144,563	$1,179
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	800	—	—	$24.90	$51,790	$161,760	$1,295
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	1,390	—	—	$25.45	$52,940	$166,041	$1,324
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	790	—	—	$27.24	$56,650	$179,851	$1,416
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	400	—	—	—	$60,260	$193,289	$1,507
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	770	—	—	$30.66	$63,760	$206,317	$1,594
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	900	—	—	$31.61	$65,740	$213,687	$1,644
Electricians SOC 47-2111	440	—	—	$35.86	$74,590	$246,630	$1,865
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	100	—	—	$36.67	$76,280	$252,921	$1,907
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	350	—	—	$37.12	$77,220	$256,420	$1,931
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	180	—	—	$37.28	$77,530	$257,573	$1,938
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	1,070	—	—	$47.47	$98,730	$336,487	$2,468

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 30031 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.