New Mexico · GEOID 35061

Valencia County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 78,458 · 30,756 housing units

Median household income

$58,933

State $65,558

Median home value

$223,000

State $259,039

Median gross rent

$1,015

State $1,077

Homeownership rate

83.2%

State 70.0%

Renter cost-burden rate

56.2%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

23.7%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.4%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

2.7%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

10.3%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

3.78

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Valencia County	New Mexico
Population	78,458	2,120,246
Population density (per sq. mi.)	73.55	—
Median household income	$58,933	$65,558
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$100,400	—
Households	27,583	—
Average household size	2.78 people	—
Owner-occupied	83.2%	70.0%
Renter-occupied	16.8%	30.0%
Race	48.4% White · 1.1% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Valencia County compared with New Mexico.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

20.9% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 31.0%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	22.8%	$44,330	$1,108	$133,992
1 earner	38.2%	$61,023	$1,526	$196,129
2 earners	30.9%	$93,438	$2,336	$316,788
3+ earners	8.2%	$117,522	$2,938	$406,437

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

27,583

Average size: 2.78 people

Households with children

7,833

28.4% of households

Per-capita income

$30,718

Poverty rate: 16.7%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

83.2% owner-occupied vs. state average 70.0%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 64.9% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 3.1%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

32.0% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,989.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $223,000.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,015.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 3,173 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 3.1% · For rent 4.0% · Seasonal 23.4% · Other 69.4%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

7.2% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 92.8% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

2.4%

743 units of 30,756 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

7.2%

2,203 units of 30,756 total

⚑ Above the 5% threshold — possible indicator of disinvestment, abandonment, or condemned stock.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$47,146

100% MHI$58,933

120% MHI$70,720

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Valencia County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$56,250	$64,250	$80,300
100% AMI	$70,280	$80,320	$100,400
120% AMI	$84,350	$96,400	$120,500

HUD FMR Area: Albuquerque, NM MSA. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

56.2% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (25.9% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

23.7% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Valencia County.

Covered employment

17,443

Across 20 sectors

Establishments

1,530

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$49,650

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	3,446	$35,995	$102,966	−$120,034	$900
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	2,707	$36,754	$105,791	−$117,209	$919
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	2,099	$54,348	$171,282	−$51,718	$1,359
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	2,097	$73,365	$242,070	+$19,070	$1,834
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	1,588	$22,250	$51,803	−$171,197	$556
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	1,404	$52,916	$165,952	−$57,048	$1,323
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	1,007	$67,706	$221,005	−$1,995	$1,693
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	767	$61,381	$197,461	−$25,539	$1,535
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	446	$48,462	$149,373	−$73,627	$1,212
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	391	$68,184	$222,784	−$216	$1,705
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	287	$41,242	$122,497	−$100,503	$1,031
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	226	$185,346	$658,901	+$435,901	$4,634
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	215	$51,230	$159,676	−$63,324	$1,281
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	154	$54,266	$170,977	−$52,023	$1,357
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	151	$60,396	$193,795	−$29,205	$1,510
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	134	$43,958	$132,607	−$90,393	$1,099
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	121	$31,612	$86,651	−$136,349	$790
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	116	$27,024	$69,573	−$153,427	$676
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	64	$71,226	$234,108	+$11,108	$1,781
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	23	$78,792	$262,271	+$39,271	$1,970

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	2,099	$54,348	$171,282	−$51,718	$1,359
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	1,975	$25,294	$63,133	−$159,867	$632
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	1,493	$22,110	$51,281	−$171,719	$553
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	1,294	$73,724	$243,406	+$20,406	$1,843
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	852	$28,353	$74,520	−$148,480	$709
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	690	$72,456	$238,686	+$15,686	$1,811
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	499	$79,507	$264,933	+$41,933	$1,988
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	476	$49,131	$151,863	−$71,137	$1,228
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	391	$68,184	$222,784	−$216	$1,705
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	376	$61,162	$196,646	−$26,354	$1,529
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	344	$48,699	$150,255	−$72,745	$1,217
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	333	$31,352	$85,683	−$137,317	$784
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	328	$31,211	$85,158	−$137,842	$780
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	309	$58,632	$187,229	−$35,771	$1,466
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	304	$61,758	$198,865	−$24,135	$1,544
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	285	$64,754	$210,017	−$12,983	$1,619
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	228	$28,920	$76,631	−$146,369	$723
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	201	$65,800	$213,910	−$9,090	$1,645
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	164	$49,399	$152,860	−$70,140	$1,235
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	154	$54,266	$170,977	−$52,023	$1,357
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	150	$53,730	$168,982	−$54,018	$1,343
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	138	$40,366	$119,236	−$103,764	$1,009
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	112	$59,070	$188,859	−$34,141	$1,477
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	108	$41,054	$121,797	−$101,203	$1,026
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	106	$60,567	$194,431	−$28,569	$1,514
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	105	$25,949	$65,571	−$157,429	$649
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	103	$47,202	$144,682	−$78,318	$1,180
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	100	$49,332	$152,611	−$70,389	$1,233
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	95	$24,449	$59,988	−$163,012	$611
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	93	$35,917	$102,676	−$120,324	$898
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	93	$35,272	$100,275	−$122,725	$882
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	92	$25,589	$64,231	−$158,769	$640
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	87	$69,830	$228,911	+$5,911	$1,746
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	80	$64,632	$209,563	−$13,437	$1,616
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	73	$38,670	$112,923	−$110,077	$967
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	64	$71,226	$234,108	+$11,108	$1,781
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	62	$43,617	$131,338	−$91,662	$1,090
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	54	$26,610	$68,032	−$154,968	$665
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	41	$62,164	$200,376	−$22,624	$1,554
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	31	$75,643	$250,549	+$27,549	$1,891
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	29	$40,657	$120,320	−$102,680	$1,016
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	28	$67,810	$221,392	−$1,608	$1,695
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	28	$52,528	$164,508	−$58,492	$1,313
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	26	$41,958	$125,162	−$97,838	$1,049
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	26	$74,008	$244,463	+$21,463	$1,850
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	19	$36,321	$104,180	−$118,820	$908
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	18	$28,540	$75,216	−$147,784	$714
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	15	$29,135	$77,431	−$145,569	$728
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	9	$63,662	$205,952	−$17,048	$1,592
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	6	$78,421	$260,890	+$37,890	$1,961
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	4	$77,342	$256,874	+$33,874	$1,934
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	2	$66,683	$217,197	−$5,803	$1,667

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	14,510	3,130	28%	$14.80	$30,780	$83,554	$770
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	7,460	(980)	(12%)	$15.98	$33,230	$92,674	$831
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	11,370	(3,220)	(22%)	$17.14	$35,640	$101,645	$891
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	2,190	850	63%	$17.31	$36,000	$102,985	$900
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	7,070	1,720	32%	$17.36	$36,110	$103,394	$903
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	5,130	320	7%	$18.68	$38,860	$113,631	$972
Tellers SOC 43-3071	950	(160)	(14%)	$19.54	$40,640	$120,256	$1,016
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	2,110	(5,280)	(71%)	$20.18	$41,980	$125,244	$1,050
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	4,140	10	0%	$20.39	$42,400	$126,808	$1,060
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	950	210	28%	$20.95	$43,570	$131,163	$1,089
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	5,880	(1,430)	(20%)	$21.07	$43,830	$132,131	$1,096
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	3,860	620	19%	$24.68	$51,320	$160,011	$1,283
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	4,210	980	30%	$26.55	$55,220	$174,528	$1,381
Electricians SOC 47-2111	2,440	470	24%	$28.09	$58,420	$186,440	$1,461
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	1,940	410	27%	$28.52	$59,310	$189,752	$1,483
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	1,440	90	7%	$31.20	$64,890	$210,523	$1,622
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	1,780	150	9%	$33.81	$70,330	$230,773	$1,758
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	1,900	(1,470)	(44%)	—	$71,980	$236,914	$1,800
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	270	(330)	(55%)	$34.87	$72,520	$238,925	$1,813
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	10,290	1,460	17%	$46.52	$96,770	$329,191	$2,419

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 35061 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.