New York · GEOID 36085

Richmond County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 494,956 · 184,621 housing units

Median household income

$98,333

State $89,823

Median home value

$675,500

State $488,843

Median gross rent

$1,733

State $1,707

Homeownership rate

67.7%

State 54.3%

Renter cost-burden rate

56.8%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

34.7%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

1.8%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

4.7%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

7.5%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

6.87

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Richmond County	New York
Population	494,956	19,852,366
Population density (per sq. mi.)	8,604.49	—
Median household income	$98,333	$89,823
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$104,300	—
Households	170,777	—
Average household size	2.85 people	—
Owner-occupied	67.7%	54.3%
Renter-occupied	32.3%	45.7%
Race	59.6% White · 9.8% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Richmond County compared with New York.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

35.7% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 40.2%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	14.9%	$46,458	$1,161	$141,913
1 earner	29.6%	$85,808	$2,145	$288,387
2 earners	39.0%	$145,644	$3,641	$511,117
3+ earners	16.4%	$192,572	$4,814	$685,799

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

170,777

Average size: 2.85 people

Households with children

50,459

29.5% of households

Per-capita income

$44,071

Poverty rate: 10.0%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

67.7% owner-occupied vs. state average 54.3%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 60.4% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 29.9%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

59.1% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,974.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $675,500.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,733.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 13,844 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 15.3% · For rent 19.9% · Seasonal 8.1% · Other 44.4%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

47.5% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 52.5% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

0.6%

1,118 units of 184,621 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

3.3%

6,148 units of 184,621 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$78,666

100% MHI$98,333

120% MHI$118,000

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Richmond County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$95,000	$108,600	$135,700
100% AMI	$73,010	$83,440	$104,300
120% AMI	$87,600	$100,150	$125,150

HUD FMR Area: New York, NY HUD Metro FMR Area. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

56.8% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (32.1% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

34.7% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Richmond County.

Covered employment

121,128

Across 18 sectors

Establishments

10,575

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$66,629

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	32,407	$65,419	$212,492	−$463,008	$1,635
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	20,648	$80,398	$268,249	−$407,251	$2,010
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	14,243	$40,091	$118,213	−$557,287	$1,002
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	9,872	$85,324	$286,585	−$388,915	$2,133
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	8,652	$27,808	$72,491	−$603,009	$695
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	7,476	$120,551	$417,712	−$257,788	$3,014
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	5,553	$53,286	$167,329	−$508,171	$1,332
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	4,923	$37,399	$108,192	−$567,308	$935
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	4,026	$49,264	$152,358	−$523,142	$1,232
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	3,657	$80,967	$270,367	−$405,133	$2,024
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	2,530	$97,004	$330,062	−$345,438	$2,425
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	1,487	$37,692	$109,283	−$566,217	$942
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	1,449	$73,801	$243,693	−$431,807	$1,845
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	1,154	$53,861	$169,469	−$506,031	$1,347
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	923	$151,879	$534,326	−$141,174	$3,797
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	886	$78,805	$262,319	−$413,181	$1,970
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99	817	$48,370	$149,030	−$526,470	$1,209
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	425	$96,235	$327,200	−$348,300	$2,406

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	9,898	$37,677	$109,227	−$566,273	$942
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	9,557	$70,805	$232,541	−$442,959	$1,770
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	8,332	$27,652	$71,911	−$603,589	$691
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	6,931	$83,550	$279,982	−$395,518	$2,089
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	5,101	$51,403	$160,320	−$515,180	$1,285
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	4,078	$32,382	$89,517	−$585,983	$810
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	4,026	$49,264	$152,358	−$523,142	$1,232
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	3,657	$80,967	$270,367	−$405,133	$2,024
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	3,602	$129,746	$451,939	−$223,561	$3,244
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	2,868	$55,534	$175,697	−$499,803	$1,388
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	2,483	$32,734	$90,828	−$584,672	$818
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	2,307	$25,755	$64,849	−$610,651	$644
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	2,102	$71,364	$234,622	−$440,878	$1,784
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	1,848	$42,260	$126,287	−$549,213	$1,057
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	1,734	$47,643	$146,324	−$529,176	$1,191
NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers NAICS 492	1,558	$39,335	$115,399	−$560,101	$983
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	1,512	$43,540	$131,051	−$544,449	$1,089
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	1,439	$127,025	$441,811	−$233,689	$3,176
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	1,418	$107,638	$369,646	−$305,854	$2,691
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	1,356	$101,575	$347,077	−$328,423	$2,539
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	1,178	$40,663	$120,342	−$555,158	$1,017
NAICS 483 Water transportation NAICS 483	1,050	$147,421	$517,731	−$157,769	$3,686
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	1,046	$53,994	$169,964	−$505,536	$1,350
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	1,023	$83,713	$280,589	−$394,911	$2,093
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	968	$28,132	$73,697	−$601,803	$703
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	946	$51,443	$160,469	−$515,031	$1,286
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	923	$151,879	$534,326	−$141,174	$3,797
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	912	$69,770	$228,688	−$446,812	$1,744
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	891	$122,818	$426,151	−$249,349	$3,070
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	844	$31,719	$87,049	−$588,451	$793
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	839	$134,957	$471,336	−$204,164	$3,374
NAICS 999 Unclassified NAICS 999	817	$48,370	$149,030	−$526,470	$1,209
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	789	$54,123	$170,445	−$505,055	$1,353
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	743	$78,113	$259,744	−$415,756	$1,953
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	662	$47,493	$145,766	−$529,734	$1,187
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	658	$64,438	$208,841	−$466,659	$1,611
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	580	$71,940	$236,766	−$438,734	$1,799
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	554	$96,173	$326,969	−$348,531	$2,404
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	452	$74,538	$246,436	−$429,064	$1,863
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	425	$96,235	$327,200	−$348,300	$2,406
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	376	$42,481	$127,109	−$548,391	$1,062
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	331	$101,433	$346,549	−$328,951	$2,536
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	320	$31,888	$87,678	−$587,822	$797
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	280	$60,181	$192,995	−$482,505	$1,505
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	278	$93,790	$318,099	−$357,401	$2,345
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	256	$30,330	$81,879	−$593,621	$758
NAICS 711 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries NAICS 711	239	$50,066	$155,343	−$520,157	$1,252
NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing NAICS 336	223	$99,844	$340,634	−$334,866	$2,496
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	167	$94,033	$319,003	−$356,497	$2,351
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	163	$33,699	$94,420	−$581,080	$842
NAICS 523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities NAICS 523	140	$146,615	$514,731	−$160,769	$3,665
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	125	$58,521	$186,816	−$488,684	$1,463
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	110	$46,705	$142,832	−$532,668	$1,168
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	98	$63,648	$205,900	−$469,600	$1,591
NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing NAICS 334	74	$48,240	$148,546	−$526,954	$1,206
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	59	$40,496	$119,720	−$555,780	$1,012
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	58	$91,938	$311,205	−$364,295	$2,298
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	56	$67,370	$219,754	−$455,746	$1,684
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	53	$83,490	$279,759	−$395,741	$2,087
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	50	$55,230	$174,565	−$500,935	$1,381
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	48	$135,394	$472,963	−$202,537	$3,385
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	12	$61,714	$198,701	−$476,799	$1,543
NAICS 525 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles NAICS 525	11	$138,259	$483,627	−$191,873	$3,456
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	9	$93,595	$317,373	−$358,127	$2,340
NAICS 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing NAICS 335	8	$82,900	$277,562	−$397,938	$2,073

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	166,040	430	0%	$17.85	$37,130	$107,191	$928
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	173,830	(20,260)	(10%)	$18.36	$38,180	$111,099	$955
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	48,780	5,310	12%	$19.24	$40,010	$117,911	$1,000
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	202,080	(122,840)	(38%)	$21.13	$43,950	$132,577	$1,099
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	183,030	(9,840)	(5%)	$21.88	$45,520	$138,421	$1,138
Tellers SOC 43-3071	15,820	(14,930)	(49%)	$22.90	$47,640	$146,313	$1,191
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	136,580	(63,410)	(32%)	$24.08	$50,080	$155,395	$1,252
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	79,480	(186,140)	(70%)	$24.43	$50,810	$158,113	$1,270
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	138,720	(10,490)	(7%)	$26.44	$55,000	$173,709	$1,375
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	108,700	16,050	17%	$29.26	$60,860	$195,522	$1,522
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	50,870	(6,470)	(11%)	$32.42	$67,440	$220,015	$1,686
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	65,100	7,740	13%	$33.18	$69,020	$225,896	$1,726
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	34,210	(11,240)	(25%)	$38.73	$80,560	$268,852	$2,014
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	3,850	(10,600)	(73%)	$39.57	$82,300	$275,329	$2,058
Electricians SOC 47-2111	36,550	(2,610)	(7%)	$42.63	$88,670	$299,040	$2,217
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	21,040	(3,870)	(16%)	$43.66	$90,820	$307,043	$2,271
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	14,960	3,130	26%	$44.43	$92,410	$312,962	$2,310
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	54,270	1,810	3%	$44.68	$92,940	$314,935	$2,324
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	98,900	9,350	10%	—	$96,400	$327,814	$2,410
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	197,740	28,270	17%	$57.50	$119,600	$414,172	$2,990

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 36085 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.