Ohio · GEOID 39099

Mahoning County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 226,491 · 107,990 housing units

Median household income

$56,942

State $72,438

Median home value

$154,700

State $219,987

Median gross rent

$791

State $1,046

Homeownership rate

70.3%

State 67.2%

Renter cost-burden rate

50.1%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

17.4%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

1.1%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

4.7%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

9.2%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

2.72

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Mahoning County	Ohio
Population	226,491	11,810,293
Population density (per sq. mi.)	550.42	—
Median household income	$56,942	$72,438
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$81,900	—
Households	98,065	—
Average household size	2.25 people	—
Owner-occupied	70.3%	67.2%
Renter-occupied	29.7%	32.8%
Race	74.9% White · 14.0% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Mahoning County compared with Ohio.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

27.0% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 31.5%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	18.9%	$46,943	$1,174	$143,718
1 earner	34.9%	$57,768	$1,444	$184,013
2 earners	36.1%	$108,123	$2,703	$371,451
3+ earners	10.2%	$130,288	$3,257	$453,957

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

98,065

Average size: 2.25 people

Households with children

21,633

22.1% of households

Per-capita income

$34,566

Poverty rate: 18.0%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

70.3% owner-occupied vs. state average 67.2%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 80.7% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 12.7%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

74.4% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,963.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $154,700.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $791.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 9,925 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 7.8% · For rent 14.6% · Seasonal 7.1% · Other 64.5%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

28.4% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 71.6% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

0.7%

703 units of 107,990 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

5.9%

6,399 units of 107,990 total

⚑ Above the 5% threshold — possible indicator of disinvestment, abandonment, or condemned stock.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$45,554

100% MHI$56,942

120% MHI$68,330

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Mahoning County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$49,150	$56,150	$70,150
100% AMI	$57,330	$65,520	$81,900
120% AMI	$68,800	$78,600	$98,300

HUD FMR Area: Youngstown-Warren, OH MSA. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

50.1% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (25.4% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

17.4% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Mahoning County.

Covered employment

93,782

Across 21 sectors

Establishments

6,253

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$51,624

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	20,116	$55,524	$175,660	+$20,960	$1,388
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	11,428	$35,619	$101,567	−$53,133	$890
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	10,093	$20,828	$46,509	−$108,191	$521
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	9,310	$64,202	$207,962	+$53,262	$1,605
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	6,851	$51,917	$162,233	+$7,533	$1,298
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	5,632	$43,068	$129,294	−$25,406	$1,077
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	4,893	$75,818	$251,201	+$96,501	$1,895
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	4,001	$69,189	$226,525	+$71,825	$1,730
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	3,791	$66,844	$217,797	+$63,097	$1,671
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	3,705	$53,131	$166,752	+$12,052	$1,328
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	3,168	$34,648	$97,952	−$56,748	$866
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	2,936	$70,130	$230,028	+$75,328	$1,753
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	2,069	$23,693	$57,174	−$97,526	$592
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	1,748	$87,293	$293,915	+$139,215	$2,182
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	1,146	$84,746	$284,434	+$129,734	$2,119
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	1,009	$78,644	$261,720	+$107,020	$1,966
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	959	$45,437	$138,112	−$16,588	$1,136
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	556	$98,804	$336,762	+$182,062	$2,470
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	224	$39,163	$114,758	−$39,942	$979
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	136	$86,390	$290,553	+$135,853	$2,160
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99	11	$40,839	$120,997	−$33,703	$1,021

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	9,652	$20,768	$46,286	−$108,414	$519
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	6,851	$51,917	$162,233	+$7,533	$1,298
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	6,476	$72,715	$239,650	+$84,950	$1,818
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	5,169	$40,735	$120,610	−$34,090	$1,018
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	5,083	$37,091	$107,046	−$47,654	$927
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	3,790	$74,989	$248,115	+$93,415	$1,875
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	2,936	$70,130	$230,028	+$75,328	$1,753
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	2,820	$27,221	$70,306	−$84,394	$681
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	2,634	$67,848	$221,534	+$66,834	$1,696
NAICS 331 Primary metal manufacturing NAICS 331	2,510	$74,649	$246,849	+$92,149	$1,866
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	1,991	$27,009	$69,517	−$85,183	$675
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	1,749	$67,510	$220,276	+$65,576	$1,688
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	1,747	$70,535	$231,536	+$76,836	$1,763
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	1,745	$63,723	$206,179	+$51,479	$1,593
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	1,643	$24,842	$61,451	−$93,249	$621
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	1,235	$31,097	$84,734	−$69,966	$777
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	1,146	$84,746	$284,434	+$129,734	$2,119
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	1,140	$68,363	$223,451	+$68,751	$1,709
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	1,117	$39,955	$117,707	−$36,993	$999
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	1,093	$64,105	$207,601	+$52,901	$1,603
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	1,081	$32,159	$88,687	−$66,013	$804
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	1,031	$76,183	$252,559	+$97,859	$1,905
NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers NAICS 492	989	$35,282	$100,312	−$54,388	$882
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	964	$25,361	$63,383	−$91,317	$634
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	868	$57,357	$182,483	+$27,783	$1,434
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	828	$30,093	$80,997	−$73,703	$752
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	794	$40,013	$117,922	−$36,778	$1,000
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	786	$44,025	$132,856	−$21,844	$1,101
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	757	$73,419	$242,271	+$87,571	$1,835
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	716	$73,011	$240,752	+$86,052	$1,825
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	653	$25,476	$63,811	−$90,889	$637
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	640	$49,157	$151,960	−$2,740	$1,229
NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing NAICS 326	627	$51,102	$159,199	+$4,499	$1,278
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	611	$92,949	$314,968	+$160,268	$2,324
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	587	$45,327	$137,703	−$16,997	$1,133
NAICS 493 Warehousing and storage NAICS 493	564	$35,130	$99,746	−$54,954	$878
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	562	$66,653	$217,086	+$62,386	$1,666
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	556	$98,804	$336,762	+$182,062	$2,470
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	529	$52,537	$164,541	+$9,841	$1,313
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	516	$44,413	$134,301	−$20,399	$1,110
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	493	$60,812	$195,343	+$40,643	$1,520
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	471	$54,355	$171,308	+$16,608	$1,359
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	463	$69,109	$226,228	+$71,528	$1,728
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	441	$22,152	$51,438	−$103,262	$554
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	410	$65,885	$214,227	+$59,527	$1,647
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	366	$45,666	$138,965	−$15,735	$1,142
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	362	$80,448	$268,435	+$113,735	$2,011
NAICS 711 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries NAICS 711	361	$15,652	$27,243	−$127,457	$391
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	308	$56,530	$179,404	+$24,704	$1,413
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	306	$99,703	$340,109	+$185,409	$2,493
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	291	$71,380	$234,681	+$79,981	$1,785
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	273	$102,740	$351,414	+$196,714	$2,569
NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing NAICS 336	239	$51,001	$158,824	+$4,124	$1,275
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	227	$52,934	$166,019	+$11,319	$1,323
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	225	$59,813	$191,625	+$36,925	$1,495
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	211	$45,374	$137,878	−$16,822	$1,134
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	203	$50,684	$157,644	+$2,944	$1,267
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	201	$56,128	$177,908	+$23,208	$1,403
NAICS 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing NAICS 335	196	$70,224	$230,378	+$75,678	$1,756
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	179	$97,508	$331,938	+$177,238	$2,438
NAICS 314 Textile product mills NAICS 314	160	$37,045	$106,875	−$47,825	$926
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	152	$84,611	$283,931	+$129,231	$2,115
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	117	$21,620	$49,457	−$105,243	$541
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	116	$60,991	$196,010	+$41,310	$1,525
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	111	$37,157	$107,291	−$47,409	$929
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	101	$59,563	$190,694	+$35,994	$1,489
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	94	$43,008	$129,071	−$25,629	$1,075
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	93	$39,229	$115,004	−$39,696	$981
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	88	$16,742	$31,300	−$123,400	$419
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	82	$82,510	$276,111	+$121,411	$2,063
NAICS 212 Mining (except oil and gas) NAICS 212	76	$87,871	$296,066	+$141,366	$2,197
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	66	$38,702	$113,042	−$41,658	$968
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	66	$30,196	$81,380	−$73,320	$755
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	54	$80,318	$267,951	+$113,251	$2,008
NAICS 213 Support activities for mining NAICS 213	44	$86,544	$291,127	+$136,427	$2,164
NAICS 211 Oil and gas extraction NAICS 211	17	$74,287	$245,502	+$90,802	$1,857
NAICS 999 Unclassified NAICS 999	11	$40,839	$120,997	−$33,703	$1,021
NAICS 533 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) NAICS 533	6	$42,284	$126,376	−$28,324	$1,057
NAICS 481 Air transportation NAICS 481	4	$107,703	$369,888	+$215,188	$2,693

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	6,460	(2,950)	(31%)	$12.88	$26,780	$68,665	$670
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	4,290	(1,370)	(24%)	$13.74	$28,580	$75,365	$715
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	460	(460)	(50%)	$15.21	$31,630	$86,718	$791
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	4,870	(5,000)	(51%)	$15.72	$32,710	$90,738	$818
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	2,380	(680)	(22%)	$16.89	$35,130	$99,746	$878
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	2,360	(3,710)	(61%)	$18.04	$37,520	$108,643	$938
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	2,580	(1,840)	(42%)	$18.37	$38,200	$111,174	$955
Tellers SOC 43-3071	540	(390)	(42%)	$19.79	$41,170	$122,229	$1,029
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	2,780	(1,790)	(39%)	$20.19	$41,980	$125,244	$1,050
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	630	(230)	(27%)	$21.23	$44,160	$133,359	$1,104
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	90	(440)	(83%)	$23.30	$48,460	$149,365	$1,212
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	2,000	(390)	(16%)	$24.27	$50,480	$156,884	$1,262
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	850	(340)	(29%)	$25.85	$53,760	$169,093	$1,344
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	2,740	(1,110)	(29%)	$27.22	$56,610	$179,702	$1,415
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	460	(370)	(45%)	$28.20	$58,660	$187,333	$1,467
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	750	(460)	(38%)	$29.26	$60,850	$195,485	$1,521
Electricians SOC 47-2111	830	(270)	(25%)	$29.75	$61,870	$199,282	$1,547
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	410	(60)	(13%)	$31.43	$65,370	$212,310	$1,634
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	1,780	290	19%	—	$66,890	$217,968	$1,672
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	4,090	(210)	(5%)	$38.47	$80,010	$266,805	$2,000

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 39099 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.