Texas · GEOID 48201

Harris County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 4,838,303 · 1,917,790 housing units

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Median household income
$74,983
State $80,443
Median home value
$276,600
State $291,649
Median gross rent
$1,401
State $1,408
Homeownership rate
54.7%
State 62.6%
Renter cost-burden rate
53.8%
≥30% of income
Owner cost-burden rate
23.7%
≥30% of income
Homeowner vacancy
1.3%
Of owner-occupied + for-sale units
Rental vacancy
9.3%
Of renter-occupied + for-rent units
Overall vacancy
8.4%
All housing units
Price-to-income ratio
3.69
Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

Harris CountyTexas
Population 4,838,303 30,188,424
Population density (per sq. mi.) 2,833.91
Median household income $74,983 $80,443
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%) $104,000
Households 1,757,164
Average household size 2.73 people
Owner-occupied 54.7% 62.6%
Renter-occupied 45.3% 37.4%
Race 34.4% White · 19.0% Black 0.0% White · 0.0% Black
Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Harris County compared with Texas.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

34.2% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 33.8%).
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners Share Median income Attainable monthly housing cost Attainable home
0 earners 10.4% $35,627 $891 $101,596
1 earner 35.2% $58,219 $1,455 $185,691
2 earners 40.8% $116,052 $2,901 $400,965
3+ earners 13.6% $133,080 $3,327 $464,349
Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

1,757,164

Average size: 2.73 people

Households with children

548,237

31.2% of households

Per-capita income

$41,006

Poverty rate: 13.7%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

54.7% owner-occupied vs. state average 62.6%.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 60.3% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 18.6%.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

36.4% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,988.00 yrs.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $276,600.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,401.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 160,626 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 7.6% · For rent 51.2% · Seasonal 3.7% · Other 28.9%.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

67.4% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 32.6% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

0.3%

5,941 units of 1,917,790 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

2.4%

46,462 units of 1,917,790 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$59,986
100% MHI$74,983
120% MHI$89,980

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Harris County should be able to afford a home up to roughly (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

1-person2-person4-person
80% AMI $58,250 $66,600 $83,200
100% AMI $72,800 $83,200 $104,000
120% AMI $87,350 $99,850 $124,800

HUD FMR Area: Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX HUD Metro FMR Area. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Affordable monthly
Affordable home price

Renter cost burden

53.8% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (27.1% spend ≥50%).
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

23.7% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.
Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Harris County.

Covered employment
2,383,265
Across 21 sectors
Establishments
124,545
QCEW 2024
Avg annual pay (workforce)
$88,167
Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.
Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry Employment Avg annual wage Affordable home price vs. median value Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62 304,540 $70,488 $231,361 −$45,239 $1,762
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72 227,214 $28,925 $76,649 −$199,951 $723
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54 217,429 $131,050 $456,793 +$180,193 $3,276
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45 212,144 $43,407 $130,556 −$146,044 $1,085
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56 186,279 $66,380 $216,069 −$60,531 $1,660
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33 177,472 $104,337 $357,358 +$80,758 $2,608
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61 173,535 $64,651 $209,633 −$66,967 $1,616
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23 171,391 $91,305 $308,849 +$32,249 $2,283
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49 145,247 $95,187 $323,299 +$46,699 $2,380
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42 136,317 $111,995 $385,864 +$109,264 $2,800
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52 77,745 $159,025 $560,925 +$284,325 $3,976
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81 74,754 $60,181 $192,995 −$83,605 $1,505
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21 63,046 $237,810 $854,190 +$577,590 $5,945
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92 53,930 $107,061 $367,498 +$90,898 $2,677
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53 50,976 $87,370 $294,201 +$17,601 $2,184
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55 34,549 $213,488 $763,655 +$487,055 $5,337
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71 28,590 $65,813 $213,959 −$62,641 $1,645
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51 22,580 $111,545 $384,189 +$107,589 $2,789
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22 22,032 $157,127 $553,860 +$277,260 $3,928
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11 1,845 $67,325 $219,587 −$57,013 $1,683
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99 1,650 $58,314 $186,045 −$90,555 $1,458
Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.
Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation 2025
jobs
2015–2025
change
%
change
Hourly
wage
Annual
wage
Affordable
home price
Affordable
monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs 105,810 25,770 32% $13.29 $27,630 $71,829 $691
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031 51,330 (2,710) (5%) $14.03 $29,180 $77,598 $730
Cashiers SOC 41-2011 54,950 (6,510) (11%) $14.47 $30,100 $81,023 $753
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011 8,690 (4,820) (36%) $14.48 $30,110 $81,060 $753
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011 48,880 2,650 6% $15.70 $32,660 $90,552 $817
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031 78,960 (12,430) (14%) $16.65 $34,640 $97,922 $866
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs 19,230 (8,520) (31%) $19.44 $40,430 $119,475 $1,011
Tellers SOC 43-3071 5,760 (4,100) (42%) $20.48 $42,590 $127,515 $1,065
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061 50,040 (33,090) (40%) $20.83 $43,320 $130,232 $1,083
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061 34,080 2,120 7% $21.08 $43,850 $132,205 $1,096
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071 32,050 4,210 15% $24.60 $51,160 $159,415 $1,279
Carpenters SOC 47-2031 9,600 (810) (8%) $25.48 $53,000 $166,264 $1,325
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032 49,750 10,090 25% $27.96 $58,160 $185,472 $1,454
Firefighters SOC 33-2011 5,780 (700) (11%) $28.98 $60,280 $193,363 $1,507
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs 1,980 (1,880) (49%) $29.36 $61,060 $196,267 $1,527
Electricians SOC 47-2111 19,730 2,300 13% $29.55 $61,470 $197,793 $1,537
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021 30,980 (3,300) (10%) $62,840 $202,892 $1,571
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152 10,980 (1,670) (13%) $30.70 $63,860 $206,689 $1,597
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051 16,250 450 3% $35.70 $74,260 $245,401 $1,857
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141 65,910 19,210 41% $48.21 $100,290 $342,294 $2,507
Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.
Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.
Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 48201 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.