Texas · GEOID 48491

Williamson County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 672,688 · 262,644 housing units

Median household income

$111,340

State $80,443

Median home value

$447,000

State $291,649

Median gross rent

$1,796

State $1,408

Homeownership rate

66.4%

State 62.6%

Renter cost-burden rate

48.0%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

21.1%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.9%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

4.2%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

3.9%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

4.01

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Williamson County	Texas
Population	672,688	30,188,424
Population density (per sq. mi.)	602.85	—
Median household income	$111,340	$80,443
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$134,400	—
Households	252,323	—
Average household size	2.65 people	—
Owner-occupied	66.4%	62.6%
Renter-occupied	33.6%	37.4%
Race	59.6% White · 7.0% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Williamson County compared with Texas.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

48.4% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 33.8%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	10.2%	$80,727	$2,018	$269,474
1 earner	28.4%	$99,925	$2,498	$340,935
2 earners	48.9%	$157,176	$3,929	$554,043
3+ earners	12.5%	$169,019	$4,225	$598,127

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

252,323

Average size: 2.65 people

Households with children

87,387

34.6% of households

Per-capita income

$53,505

Poverty rate: 6.1%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

66.4% owner-occupied vs. state average 62.6%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 74.9% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 12.6%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

9.3% built before 1980 · Median structure age 2,006.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $447,000.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,796.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 10,321 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 14.2% · For rent 36.4% · Seasonal 10.0% · Other 25.0%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

65.1% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 34.9% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

0.4%

1,027 units of 262,644 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

1.0%

2,576 units of 262,644 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$89,072

100% MHI$111,340

120% MHI$133,608

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Williamson County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$74,800	$85,450	$106,800
100% AMI	$94,080	$107,520	$134,400
120% AMI	$112,900	$129,000	$161,300

HUD FMR Area: Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX MSA. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

48.0% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (20.6% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

21.1% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Williamson County.

Covered employment

212,049

Across 21 sectors

Establishments

15,693

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$82,912

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	29,135	$49,740	$154,130	−$292,870	$1,244
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	26,035	$28,188	$73,906	−$373,094	$705
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	24,344	$60,212	$193,110	−$253,890	$1,505
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	21,361	$81,035	$270,620	−$176,380	$2,026
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	19,757	$158,722	$559,798	+$112,798	$3,968
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	15,954	$153,934	$541,975	+$94,975	$3,848
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	13,507	$96,018	$326,392	−$120,608	$2,400
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	13,088	$149,602	$525,850	+$78,850	$3,740
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	12,126	$57,458	$182,859	−$264,141	$1,436
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	7,405	$53,045	$166,432	−$280,568	$1,326
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	5,585	$82,683	$276,755	−$170,245	$2,067
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	4,649	$61,762	$198,880	−$248,120	$1,544
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	3,956	$29,111	$77,342	−$369,658	$728
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	3,891	$42,469	$127,065	−$319,935	$1,062
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	3,474	$127,321	$442,912	−$4,088	$3,183
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	3,256	$72,586	$239,170	−$207,830	$1,815
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	2,018	$115,108	$397,452	−$49,548	$2,878
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	1,072	$210,370	$752,049	+$305,049	$5,259
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	1,057	$73,650	$243,131	−$203,869	$1,841
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	194	$58,043	$185,036	−$261,964	$1,451
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99	185	$56,196	$178,161	−$268,839	$1,405

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	23,111	$27,639	$71,862	−$375,138	$691
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	19,757	$158,722	$559,798	+$112,798	$3,968
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	14,758	$75,858	$251,350	−$195,650	$1,896
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	11,608	$155,056	$546,152	+$99,152	$3,876
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	11,353	$56,722	$180,119	−$266,881	$1,418
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	10,502	$71,744	$236,036	−$210,964	$1,794
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	8,775	$77,626	$257,931	−$189,069	$1,941
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	7,637	$35,093	$99,609	−$347,391	$877
NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing NAICS 334	6,590	$258,994	$933,044	+$486,044	$6,475
NAICS 622 Hospitals NAICS 622	5,434	$71,677	$235,787	−$211,213	$1,792
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	4,924	$32,427	$89,685	−$357,315	$811
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	4,728	$82,035	$274,343	−$172,657	$2,051
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	4,699	$33,650	$94,237	−$352,763	$841
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	4,309	$127,251	$442,652	−$4,348	$3,181
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	3,891	$42,469	$127,065	−$319,935	$1,062
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	3,709	$44,411	$134,293	−$312,707	$1,110
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	3,524	$86,404	$290,605	−$156,395	$2,160
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	3,190	$44,866	$135,987	−$311,013	$1,122
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	3,078	$99,737	$340,235	−$106,765	$2,493
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	2,924	$32,530	$90,068	−$356,932	$813
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	2,898	$27,636	$71,851	−$375,149	$691
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	2,768	$78,318	$260,507	−$186,493	$1,958
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	2,677	$71,677	$235,787	−$211,213	$1,792
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	2,593	$70,104	$229,931	−$217,069	$1,753
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	2,571	$48,785	$150,575	−$296,425	$1,220
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	2,248	$34,974	$99,166	−$347,834	$874
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	2,147	$89,741	$303,027	−$143,973	$2,244
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	2,129	$129,458	$450,867	+$3,867	$3,236
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	2,085	$69,588	$228,011	−$218,989	$1,740
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	2,027	$25,246	$62,955	−$384,045	$631
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	2,018	$115,108	$397,452	−$49,548	$2,878
NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers NAICS 492	1,588	$52,163	$163,149	−$283,851	$1,304
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	1,448	$31,670	$86,867	−$360,133	$792
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	1,424	$39,995	$117,855	−$329,145	$1,000
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	1,347	$37,821	$109,763	−$337,237	$946
NAICS 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing NAICS 335	1,270	$94,040	$319,029	−$127,971	$2,351
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	1,211	$117,262	$405,469	−$41,531	$2,932
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	1,082	$59,728	$191,308	−$255,692	$1,493
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	1,072	$210,370	$752,049	+$305,049	$5,259
NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing NAICS 336	1,052	$99,678	$340,016	−$106,984	$2,492
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	1,033	$158,620	$559,418	+$112,418	$3,966
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	978	$96,616	$328,618	−$118,382	$2,415
NAICS 212 Mining (except oil and gas) NAICS 212	975	$70,989	$233,226	−$213,774	$1,775
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	964	$115,288	$398,122	−$48,878	$2,882
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	936	$69,461	$227,538	−$219,462	$1,737
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	774	$68,169	$222,729	−$224,271	$1,704
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	747	$77,721	$258,284	−$188,716	$1,943
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	642	$70,128	$230,021	−$216,979	$1,753
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	639	$83,750	$280,726	−$166,274	$2,094
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	621	$91,064	$307,952	−$139,048	$2,277
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	604	$85,801	$288,361	−$158,639	$2,145
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	546	$34,508	$97,431	−$349,569	$863
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	511	$28,691	$75,778	−$371,222	$717
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	502	$126,704	$440,616	−$6,384	$3,168
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	500	$95,804	$325,595	−$121,405	$2,395
NAICS 493 Warehousing and storage NAICS 493	475	$56,289	$178,507	−$268,493	$1,407
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	396	$65,030	$211,044	−$235,956	$1,626
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	309	$139,382	$487,808	+$40,808	$3,485
NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing NAICS 326	274	$60,842	$195,455	−$251,545	$1,521
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	193	$62,346	$201,053	−$245,947	$1,559
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	191	$35,885	$102,557	−$344,443	$897
NAICS 999 Unclassified NAICS 999	185	$56,196	$178,161	−$268,839	$1,405
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	177	$66,139	$215,172	−$231,828	$1,653
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	176	$58,723	$187,567	−$259,433	$1,468
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	164	$161,605	$570,529	+$123,529	$4,040
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	137	$75,421	$249,723	−$197,277	$1,886
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	128	$62,593	$201,973	−$245,027	$1,565
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	128	$90,815	$307,025	−$139,975	$2,270
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	97	$79,540	$265,055	−$181,945	$1,989
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	80	$105,537	$361,825	−$85,175	$2,638
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	57	$40,305	$119,009	−$327,991	$1,008
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	57	$35,178	$99,925	−$347,075	$879
NAICS 314 Textile product mills NAICS 314	54	$45,552	$138,540	−$308,460	$1,139
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	39	$96,193	$327,043	−$119,957	$2,405
NAICS 324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing NAICS 324	29	$123,264	$427,811	−$19,189	$3,082
NAICS 533 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) NAICS 533	23	$45,275	$137,509	−$309,491	$1,132
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	17	$51,915	$162,226	−$284,774	$1,298

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	35,000	6,350	22%	$14.49	$30,130	$81,135	$753
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	3,400	(2,450)	(42%)	$14.59	$30,340	$81,916	$759
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	19,170	(1,780)	(8%)	$15.85	$32,970	$91,706	$824
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	20,490	2,250	12%	$16.24	$33,780	$94,721	$845
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	29,660	(1,540)	(5%)	$17.39	$36,160	$103,580	$904
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	15,470	4,430	40%	$17.82	$37,070	$106,968	$927
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	5,600	(1,530)	(21%)	$19.86	$41,300	$122,713	$1,033
Tellers SOC 43-3071	1,590	(1,520)	(49%)	$19.99	$41,580	$123,755	$1,040
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	11,140	3,310	42%	$21.33	$44,360	$134,103	$1,109
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	16,400	(11,890)	(42%)	$21.81	$45,370	$137,863	$1,134
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	12,430	4,810	63%	$25.08	$52,170	$163,175	$1,304
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	2,540	(90)	(3%)	$25.89	$53,850	$169,428	$1,346
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	10,760	3,850	56%	$28.11	$58,460	$186,588	$1,462
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	2,300	230	11%	$28.66	$59,600	$190,832	$1,490
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	8,450	(1,010)	(11%)	—	$60,310	$193,475	$1,508
Electricians SOC 47-2111	7,340	4,380	148%	$29.25	$60,850	$195,485	$1,521
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	5,260	2,700	105%	$30.65	$63,760	$206,317	$1,594
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	890	(250)	(22%)	$33.46	$69,590	$228,018	$1,740
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	4,540	670	17%	$39.86	$82,910	$277,600	$2,073
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	18,920	5,370	40%	$46.93	$97,610	$332,318	$2,440

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 48491 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.