Vermont · GEOID 50027

Windsor County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 57,990 · 34,846 housing units

Median household income

$77,594

State $82,074

Median home value

$296,400

State $318,810

Median gross rent

$1,118

State $1,287

Homeownership rate

74.8%

State 73.2%

Renter cost-burden rate

41.5%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

24.5%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.8%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

3.4%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

27.4%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

3.82

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Windsor County	Vermont
Population	57,990	647,106
Population density (per sq. mi.)	59.84	—
Median household income	$77,594	$82,074
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$109,400	—
Households	25,293	—
Average household size	2.26 people	—
Owner-occupied	74.8%	73.2%
Renter-occupied	25.2%	26.8%
Race	92.7% White · 0.5% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Windsor County compared with Vermont.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

42.9% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 43.8%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	16.2%	$62,017	$1,550	$199,829
1 earner	28.4%	$73,917	$1,848	$244,125
2 earners	46.8%	$125,908	$3,148	$437,653
3+ earners	8.6%	$180,257	$4,506	$639,958

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

25,293

Average size: 2.26 people

Households with children

5,430

21.5% of households

Per-capita income

$48,626

Poverty rate: 9.3%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

74.8% owner-occupied vs. state average 73.2%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 73.9% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 18.1%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

62.6% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,973.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $296,400.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,118.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 9,553 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 1.5% · For rent 2.4% · Seasonal 80.5% · Other 13.0%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

6.5% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 93.5% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

22.1%

7,693 units of 34,846 total

⚑ Above the 10% threshold — meaningful pressure on year-round residents from second-home / short-term-rental demand.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

3.6%

1,239 units of 34,846 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$62,075

100% MHI$77,594

120% MHI$93,113

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Windsor County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$61,250	$70,000	$87,500
100% AMI	$76,580	$87,520	$109,400
120% AMI	$91,900	$105,000	$131,300

HUD FMR Area: Windsor County, VT. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

41.5% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (18.8% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

24.5% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Windsor County.

Covered employment

20,836

Across 20 sectors

Establishments

3,050

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$63,901

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	4,172	$75,663	$250,624	−$45,776	$1,892
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	2,867	$35,092	$99,605	−$196,795	$877
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	2,569	$43,060	$129,264	−$167,136	$1,077
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	1,622	$59,491	$190,426	−$105,974	$1,487
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	1,388	$101,611	$347,211	+$50,811	$2,540
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	1,316	$68,985	$225,766	−$70,634	$1,725
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	1,079	$67,361	$219,721	−$76,679	$1,684
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	953	$77,340	$256,866	−$39,534	$1,934
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	811	$48,743	$150,418	−$145,982	$1,219
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	663	$32,773	$90,973	−$205,427	$819
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	590	$73,303	$241,839	−$54,561	$1,833
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	584	$55,408	$175,228	−$121,172	$1,385
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	474	$81,997	$274,201	−$22,199	$2,050
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	460	$97,860	$333,249	+$36,849	$2,447
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	456	$97,567	$332,158	+$35,758	$2,439
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	294	$58,968	$188,479	−$107,921	$1,474
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	220	$41,196	$122,326	−$174,074	$1,030
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	127	$105,293	$360,917	+$64,517	$2,632
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	121	$166,194	$587,611	+$291,211	$4,155
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	70	$67,578	$220,529	−$75,871	$1,689

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	1,591	$28,158	$73,794	−$222,606	$704
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	1,388	$101,611	$347,211	+$50,811	$2,540
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	1,277	$43,705	$131,665	−$164,735	$1,093
NAICS 622 Hospitals NAICS 622	1,080	$121,608	$421,647	+$125,247	$3,040
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	1,008	$68,866	$225,323	−$71,077	$1,722
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	866	$44,956	$136,322	−$160,078	$1,124
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	845	$78,571	$261,448	−$34,952	$1,964
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	776	$33,798	$94,788	−$201,612	$845
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	703	$64,433	$208,822	−$87,578	$1,611
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	584	$55,408	$175,228	−$121,172	$1,385
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	496	$49,107	$151,773	−$144,627	$1,228
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	458	$70,190	$230,251	−$66,149	$1,755
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	411	$22,685	$53,422	−$242,978	$567
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	402	$86,695	$291,689	−$4,711	$2,167
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	378	$62,426	$201,351	−$95,049	$1,561
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	378	$32,232	$88,959	−$207,441	$806
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	363	$38,969	$114,036	−$182,364	$974
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	348	$48,944	$151,167	−$145,233	$1,224
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	315	$76,483	$253,676	−$42,724	$1,912
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	297	$70,116	$229,976	−$66,424	$1,753
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	267	$55,037	$173,847	−$122,553	$1,376
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	265	$48,440	$149,291	−$147,109	$1,211
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	238	$73,595	$242,926	−$53,474	$1,840
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	235	$93,150	$315,716	+$19,316	$2,329
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	233	$55,987	$177,383	−$119,017	$1,400
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	204	$58,943	$188,386	−$108,014	$1,474
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	194	$56,516	$179,352	−$117,048	$1,413
NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing NAICS 333	182	$67,914	$221,779	−$74,621	$1,698
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	182	$40,291	$118,957	−$177,443	$1,007
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	161	$56,621	$179,743	−$116,657	$1,416
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	160	$30,925	$84,094	−$212,306	$773
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	151	$39,933	$117,625	−$178,775	$998
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	138	$95,492	$324,434	+$28,034	$2,387
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	131	$65,990	$214,618	−$81,782	$1,650
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	127	$105,293	$360,917	+$64,517	$2,632
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	127	$41,412	$123,130	−$173,270	$1,035
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	121	$166,194	$587,611	+$291,211	$4,155
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	115	$113,108	$390,007	+$93,607	$2,828
NAICS 493 Warehousing and storage NAICS 493	113	$89,321	$301,464	+$5,064	$2,233
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	108	$67,704	$220,998	−$75,402	$1,693
NAICS 711 Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries NAICS 711	102	$62,502	$201,634	−$94,766	$1,563
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	99	$119,042	$412,095	+$115,695	$2,976
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	77	$40,786	$120,800	−$175,600	$1,020
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	75	$33,275	$92,841	−$203,559	$832
NAICS 212 Mining (except oil and gas) NAICS 212	70	$67,578	$220,529	−$75,871	$1,689
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	67	$79,938	$266,537	−$29,863	$1,998
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	66	$31,872	$87,619	−$208,781	$797
NAICS 113 Forestry and logging NAICS 113	64	$53,590	$168,461	−$127,939	$1,340
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	64	$66,734	$217,387	−$79,013	$1,668
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	61	$64,167	$207,832	−$88,568	$1,604
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	58	$36,705	$105,609	−$190,791	$918
NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities NAICS 323	45	$70,169	$230,173	−$66,227	$1,754
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	42	$65,064	$211,171	−$85,229	$1,627
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	42	$63,509	$205,383	−$91,017	$1,588
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	42	$50,382	$156,519	−$139,881	$1,260
NAICS 523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities NAICS 523	42	$205,080	$732,358	+$435,958	$5,127
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	38	$40,507	$119,761	−$176,639	$1,013
NAICS 518 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services NAICS 518	32	$256,509	$923,794	+$627,394	$6,413
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	30	$35,958	$102,828	−$193,572	$899
NAICS 115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry NAICS 115	23	$43,860	$132,242	−$164,158	$1,097
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	17	$45,346	$137,774	−$158,626	$1,134
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	15	$59,909	$191,982	−$104,418	$1,498
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	14	$29,757	$79,746	−$216,654	$744
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	7	$76,809	$254,890	−$41,510	$1,920
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	4	$122,981	$426,757	+$130,357	$3,075

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	2,230	(980)	(31%)	$16.73	$34,790	$98,481	$870
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	2,160	(380)	(15%)	$17.71	$36,830	$106,074	$921
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	1,370	(390)	(22%)	$20.05	$41,710	$124,239	$1,043
Tellers SOC 43-3071	270	(210)	(44%)	$20.37	$42,360	$126,659	$1,059
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	2,320	(880)	(28%)	$20.49	$42,610	$127,589	$1,065
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	1,030	(770)	(43%)	$22.08	$45,930	$139,948	$1,148
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	1,830	1,110	154%	$23.75	$49,400	$152,864	$1,235
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	410	(40)	(9%)	$24.43	$50,820	$158,150	$1,271
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	820	(340)	(29%)	$26.75	$55,640	$176,091	$1,391
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	1,300	(670)	(34%)	$26.78	$55,710	$176,352	$1,393
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	1,130	(150)	(12%)	$28.53	$59,350	$189,901	$1,484
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	80	(200)	(71%)	$29.49	$61,350	$197,346	$1,534
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	950	(320)	(25%)	$29.98	$62,350	$201,068	$1,559
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	1,170	(250)	(18%)	—	$65,550	$212,980	$1,639
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	310	(150)	(33%)	$32.42	$67,430	$219,978	$1,686
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	250	40	19%	$32.77	$68,160	$222,695	$1,704
Electricians SOC 47-2111	300	(160)	(35%)	$38.12	$79,290	$264,125	$1,982
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	2,240	(120)	(5%)	$46.87	$97,490	$331,871	$2,437

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 50027 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.