Virginia · GEOID 51003

Albemarle County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 114,919 · 49,159 housing units

Median household income

$104,392

State $99,933

Median home value

$495,400

State $421,251

Median gross rent

$1,692

State $1,592

Homeownership rate

65.9%

State 67.3%

Renter cost-burden rate

49.9%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

19.5%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.5%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

2.7%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

6.6%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

4.75

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	Albemarle County	Virginia
Population	114,919	8,705,170
Population density (per sq. mi.)	159.50	—
Median household income	$104,392	$99,933
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$139,800	—
Households	45,912	—
Average household size	2.33 people	—
Owner-occupied	65.9%	67.3%
Renter-occupied	34.1%	32.7%
Race	74.8% White · 9.2% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

Albemarle County compared with Virginia.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

61.1% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 42.2%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	16.9%	$94,390	$2,360	$320,332
1 earner	27.8%	$96,213	$2,405	$327,118
2 earners	45.4%	$161,620	$4,041	$570,585
3+ earners	9.8%	$179,964	$4,499	$638,868

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

45,912

Average size: 2.33 people

Households with children

12,375

27.0% of households

Per-capita income

$59,653

Poverty rate: 8.4%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

65.9% owner-occupied vs. state average 67.3%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 73.3% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 16.5%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

29.0% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,992.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $495,400.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,692.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 3,247 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 4.7% · For rent 13.7% · Seasonal 21.3% · Other 38.6%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

40.1% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 59.9% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

1.4%

691 units of 49,159 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

2.6%

1,254 units of 49,159 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$83,514

100% MHI$104,392

120% MHI$125,270

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in Albemarle County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$74,800	$85,450	$106,800
100% AMI	$97,860	$111,840	$139,800
120% AMI	$117,450	$134,200	$167,750

HUD FMR Area: Charlottesville, VA MSA. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

49.9% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (25.7% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

19.5% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in Albemarle County.

Covered employment

64,814

Across 21 sectors

Establishments

4,186

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$72,867

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	21,701	$84,816	$284,694	−$210,706	$2,120
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	8,736	$63,748	$206,272	−$289,128	$1,594
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	5,612	$43,714	$131,699	−$363,701	$1,093
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	4,640	$107,606	$369,527	−$125,873	$2,690
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	4,630	$29,824	$79,996	−$415,404	$746
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	2,483	$75,611	$250,430	−$244,970	$1,890
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	2,407	$71,221	$234,089	−$261,311	$1,781
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	2,280	$50,139	$155,615	−$339,785	$1,253
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	1,929	$66,656	$217,097	−$278,303	$1,666
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	1,838	$35,039	$99,408	−$395,992	$876
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	1,812	$89,806	$303,269	−$192,131	$2,245
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	1,289	$89,272	$301,281	−$194,119	$2,232
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	1,072	$61,702	$198,656	−$296,744	$1,543
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	1,030	$150,557	$529,405	+$34,005	$3,764
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	833	$128,499	$447,297	−$48,103	$3,212
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	824	$55,445	$175,366	−$320,034	$1,386
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	774	$109,402	$376,212	−$119,188	$2,735
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	744	$36,415	$104,529	−$390,871	$910
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99	100	$42,611	$127,593	−$367,807	$1,065
NAICS 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction NAICS 21	44	$86,387	$290,542	−$204,858	$2,160
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	36	$127,336	$442,968	−$52,432	$3,183

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	21,701	$84,816	$284,694	−$210,706	$2,120
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	4,640	$107,606	$369,527	−$125,873	$2,690
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	3,674	$74,920	$247,858	−$247,542	$1,873
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	3,576	$26,501	$67,626	−$427,774	$663
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	2,201	$49,426	$152,961	−$342,439	$1,236
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	1,779	$45,019	$136,556	−$358,844	$1,125
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	1,551	$65,333	$212,172	−$283,228	$1,633
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	1,473	$29,699	$79,530	−$415,870	$742
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	1,408	$33,047	$91,993	−$403,407	$826
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	1,296	$35,897	$102,601	−$392,799	$897
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	1,289	$89,272	$301,281	−$194,119	$2,232
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	1,053	$41,135	$122,099	−$373,301	$1,028
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	904	$63,394	$204,954	−$290,446	$1,585
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	880	$76,629	$254,220	−$241,180	$1,916
NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing NAICS 334	877	$99,277	$338,523	−$156,877	$2,482
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	854	$108,823	$374,057	−$121,343	$2,721
NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing NAICS 312	785	$41,986	$125,267	−$370,133	$1,050
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	715	$77,847	$258,753	−$236,647	$1,946
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	680	$94,911	$322,271	−$173,129	$2,373
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	560	$93,701	$317,767	−$177,633	$2,343
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	513	$37,881	$109,986	−$385,414	$947
NAICS 111 Crop production NAICS 111	488	$30,494	$82,490	−$412,910	$762
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	453	$69,444	$227,475	−$267,925	$1,736
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	439	$60,768	$195,180	−$300,220	$1,519
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	405	$49,536	$153,370	−$342,030	$1,238
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	403	$32,197	$88,829	−$406,571	$805
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	380	$97,639	$332,426	−$162,974	$2,441
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	340	$35,319	$100,450	−$394,950	$883
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	327	$115,074	$397,325	−$98,075	$2,877
NAICS 458 Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers NAICS 458	309	$44,805	$135,760	−$359,640	$1,120
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	303	$68,323	$223,302	−$272,098	$1,708
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	303	$45,434	$138,101	−$357,299	$1,136
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	296	$59,539	$190,605	−$304,795	$1,488
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	282	$46,629	$142,549	−$352,851	$1,166
NAICS 456 Health and personal care retailers NAICS 456	267	$45,612	$138,764	−$356,636	$1,140
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	258	$93,495	$317,001	−$178,399	$2,337
NAICS 513 Publishing industries NAICS 513	256	$254,612	$916,733	+$421,333	$6,365
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	249	$90,459	$305,700	−$189,700	$2,261
NAICS 622 Hospitals NAICS 622	248	$66,998	$218,370	−$277,030	$1,675
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	212	$187,988	$668,736	+$173,336	$4,700
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	207	$58,554	$186,938	−$308,462	$1,464
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	184	$89,315	$301,441	−$193,959	$2,233
NAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing NAICS 321	163	$57,025	$181,247	−$314,153	$1,426
NAICS 115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry NAICS 115	155	$44,522	$134,706	−$360,694	$1,113
NAICS 512 Motion picture and sound recording industries NAICS 512	141	$34,829	$98,626	−$396,774	$871
NAICS 516 Broadcasting and content providers NAICS 516	131	$51,103	$159,203	−$336,197	$1,278
NAICS 325 Chemical manufacturing NAICS 325	123	$154,681	$544,756	+$49,356	$3,867
NAICS 924 Administration of environmental quality programs NAICS 924	122	$65,613	$213,214	−$282,186	$1,640
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	102	$54,011	$170,028	−$325,372	$1,350
NAICS 999 Unclassified NAICS 999	100	$42,611	$127,593	−$367,807	$1,065
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	95	$41,184	$122,281	−$373,119	$1,030
NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture NAICS 112	93	$52,470	$164,292	−$331,108	$1,312
NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transportation NAICS 485	81	$33,933	$95,291	−$400,109	$848
NAICS 562 Waste management and remediation services NAICS 562	79	$69,998	$229,537	−$265,863	$1,750
NAICS 481 Air transportation NAICS 481	50	$53,149	$166,819	−$328,581	$1,329
NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing NAICS 327	46	$76,991	$255,567	−$239,833	$1,925
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	44	$66,022	$214,737	−$280,663	$1,651
NAICS 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing NAICS 337	43	$56,377	$178,835	−$316,565	$1,409
NAICS 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing NAICS 335	37	$42,990	$129,004	−$366,396	$1,075
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	36	$127,336	$442,968	−$52,432	$3,183
NAICS 311 Food manufacturing NAICS 311	32	$31,191	$85,084	−$410,316	$780
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	32	$56,493	$179,267	−$316,133	$1,412
NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing NAICS 326	18	$75,648	$250,568	−$244,832	$1,891
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	11	$56,835	$180,540	−$314,860	$1,421
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	10	$70,756	$232,358	−$263,042	$1,769
NAICS 113 Forestry and logging NAICS 113	9	$47,874	$147,184	−$348,216	$1,197
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	7	$126,154	$438,568	−$56,832	$3,154
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	5	$92,200	$312,180	−$183,220	$2,305

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	2,800	1,090	64%	$15.45	$32,130	$88,579	$803
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	2,110	(410)	(16%)	$15.70	$32,660	$90,552	$817
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	350	(50)	(13%)	$16.09	$33,470	$93,567	$837
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	2,540	(980)	(28%)	$17.23	$35,850	$102,426	$896
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	1,200	(230)	(16%)	$18.02	$37,470	$108,457	$937
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	1,610	(10)	(1%)	$20.86	$43,400	$130,530	$1,085
Tellers SOC 43-3071	150	(170)	(53%)	$21.06	$43,810	$132,056	$1,095
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	570	(100)	(15%)	$21.13	$43,960	$132,615	$1,099
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	260	140	117%	$21.22	$44,140	$133,285	$1,104
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	2,080	(710)	(25%)	$22.90	$47,620	$146,238	$1,191
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	2,140	70	3%	$23.11	$48,060	$147,876	$1,202
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	1,060	190	22%	$23.99	$49,900	$154,725	$1,248
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	630	(30)	(5%)	$26.00	$54,080	$170,285	$1,352
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	630	(80)	(11%)	$26.89	$55,930	$177,171	$1,398
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	240	20	9%	$27.80	$57,830	$184,243	$1,446
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	100	(70)	(41%)	$28.16	$58,570	$186,998	$1,464
Electricians SOC 47-2111	460	(20)	(4%)	$30.00	$62,400	$201,254	$1,560
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	410	110	37%	$31.27	$65,030	$211,044	$1,626
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	1,040	(100)	(9%)	—	$65,510	$212,831	$1,638
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	3,040	(90)	(3%)	$47.01	$97,780	$332,951	$2,445

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 51003 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.