Virginia · GEOID 51199

York County

2024 ACS 5-year estimates · population 71,005 · 28,506 housing units

Median household income

$109,956

State $99,933

Median home value

$433,200

State $421,251

Median gross rent

$1,827

State $1,592

Homeownership rate

71.6%

State 67.3%

Renter cost-burden rate

49.5%

≥30% of income

Owner cost-burden rate

14.0%

≥30% of income

Homeowner vacancy

0.9%

Of owner-occupied + for-sale units

Rental vacancy

5.4%

Of renter-occupied + for-rent units

Overall vacancy

5.4%

All housing units

Price-to-income ratio

3.94

Affordable: 2.0–3.0

Section 1

Community Profile

Population, demographics, household composition, and income.

Community Data Summary

	York County	Virginia
Population	71,005	8,705,170
Population density (per sq. mi.)	678.17	—
Median household income	$109,956	$99,933
HUD Area Median Income (4-person, 100%)	$107,700	—
Households	26,968	—
Average household size	2.58 people	—
Owner-occupied	71.6%	67.3%
Renter-occupied	28.4%	32.7%
Race	68.2% White · 13.1% Black	0.0% White · 0.0% Black

Source: ACS 5-year 2024 (Tables DP05, S1101, DP04, S1901) and Census Gazetteer (land area); HUD FY2026 Income Limits.

Racial composition

York County compared with Virginia.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP05.

Educational attainment (population 25+)

50.0% hold a bachelor's degree or higher (state: 42.2%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1501.

Median Household Income by Tenure

Owner-occupied vs. renter-occupied household income, county and state.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25119.

Median Household Income by Age of Householder

Median household income by age group of householder.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B19049.

Median Household Income by Number of Earners

Median household income for families with each earner count.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903.

Household Size

Distribution of households by number of people.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2501.

Income by Number of Earners

Earners	Share	Median income	Attainable monthly housing cost	Attainable home
0 earners	13.5%	$83,520	$2,088	$279,870
1 earner	30.9%	$106,694	$2,667	$366,132
2 earners	43.0%	$145,734	$3,643	$511,452
3+ earners	12.7%	$197,470	$4,937	$704,031

Attainable monthly housing cost = 30% of gross income ÷ 12. Attainable home price assumes 30% housing budget, 30-yr mortgage at 7%, 5% down.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S1903; affordability formula derived.

Households

26,968

Average size: 2.58 people

Households with children

8,797

32.6% of households

Per-capita income

$52,374

Poverty rate: 5.8%

Section 2

Residential Market Analysis

Housing stock characteristics — tenure, type, age, size, vacancy, rents.

Tenure

71.6% owner-occupied vs. state average 67.3%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Structure type

Single-family share 80.6% · Missing middle (2–19 units) 14.5%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25024.

Housing stock by decade

26.3% built before 1980 · Median structure age 1,992.00 yrs.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2504.

Housing size mismatch

Compares the share of housing units by bedroom count against the share of households by size — a common diagnostic of housing supply/demand alignment.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Tables B25041 (bedrooms) and S2501 (household size).

Home value distribution

Owner-occupied homes by value bracket. Median: $433,200.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table DP04.

Monthly Housing Costs

Distribution of monthly housing costs across all occupied units.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25104.

Number of Bedrooms

Housing units by number of bedrooms.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25041.

Median rent by bedroom

Overall median gross rent: $1,827.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25031.

Renters by age

Number of renter householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Owners by age

Number of owner householders by age bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table S2502.

Vacancy composition

All 1,538 vacant units split into Census's seven categories. Frictional vacancy (units actively on the market) reflects healthy churn. Structural vacancy (seasonal, migrant, other) sits outside the market for year-round residents — high values change how the headline vacancy rate should be read.

Vacant units by type

For sale 11.9% · For rent 28.8% · Seasonal 27.4% · Other 25.7%.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Frictional vs structural

46.8% of vacancy is frictional (for sale + for rent + rented/sold not yet occupied); 53.2% is structural (seasonal + migrant + other).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25004.

Seasonal / recreational share of all housing

1.5%

422 units of 28,506 total

Housing units held for seasonal or recreational use.

"Other vacant" share of all housing

1.4%

396 units of 28,506 total

Census "Other vacant" — units off the market for reasons other than seasonal, migrant, sale, or rental.

Section 3

Workforce Housing Needs Assessment

Affordability, cost burden, and the housing options for households in the workforce income range.

Workforce range — ACS median household income

80% MHI$87,965

100% MHI$109,956

120% MHI$131,947

County-wide median from ACS 5-year estimates. A household at 100% MHI in York County should be able to afford a home up to roughly — (30% housing budget, default mortgage terms).

Workforce range — HUD Area Median Income

	1-person	2-person	4-person
80% AMI	$60,350	$68,950	$86,150
100% AMI	$75,390	$86,160	$107,700
120% AMI	$90,450	$103,400	$129,250

HUD FMR Area: Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC HUD Metro FMR Area. 80% AMI uses HUD's published Section 8 Low Income Limits; 100% is HUD MFI; 120% is the standard workforce convention.

Affordability calculator

Follows the standard 30%-of-gross-income affordability rule.

Income basis Household income Interest rate % Down payment % Taxes & insurance / yr

Affordable monthly—

Affordable home price—

Renter cost burden

49.5% of renter households spend ≥30% of income on rent (24.6% spend ≥50%).

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25070.

Owner cost burden by income

14.0% of homeowners spend ≥30% of income on housing. Bars show counts of cost-burdened owners by income bracket.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25106.

Household income — owners vs renters

Distribution of household income for owner-occupied (navy) and renter-occupied (gold) households.

Source: ACS 5-year 2024, Table B25118.

Section 4

Industry & Workforce Wages

Employment, average wages, and the housing each industry's typical earner can afford in York County.

Covered employment

22,167

Across 20 sectors

Establishments

1,734

QCEW 2024

Avg annual pay (workforce)

$53,355

Employment-weighted across sectors

Top 10 sectors by employment

Annual average employment by NAICS 2-digit sector. Counties with fewer than five covered establishments in a sector may show suppressed totals.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024.

Attainable housing by industry

Industry	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 44-45 Retail trade NAICS 44-45	3,463	$35,313	$100,427	−$332,773	$883
NAICS 72 Accommodation and food services NAICS 72	3,337	$26,927	$69,212	−$363,988	$673
NAICS 62 Health care and social assistance NAICS 62	2,921	$65,487	$212,745	−$220,455	$1,637
NAICS 61 Educational services NAICS 61	2,166	$56,348	$178,727	−$254,473	$1,409
NAICS 23 Construction NAICS 23	1,670	$65,703	$213,549	−$219,651	$1,643
NAICS 54 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 54	1,469	$84,907	$285,033	−$148,167	$2,123
NAICS 56 Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services NAICS 56	1,453	$51,150	$159,378	−$273,822	$1,279
NAICS 92 Public administration NAICS 92	1,449	$78,952	$262,867	−$170,333	$1,974
NAICS 71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation NAICS 71	984	$25,615	$64,328	−$368,872	$640
NAICS 81 Other services (except public administration) NAICS 81	787	$43,150	$129,599	−$303,601	$1,079
NAICS 31-33 Manufacturing NAICS 31-33	452	$62,222	$200,592	−$232,608	$1,556
NAICS 48-49 Transportation and warehousing NAICS 48-49	422	$63,407	$205,003	−$228,197	$1,585
NAICS 55 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 55	421	$88,479	$298,329	−$134,871	$2,212
NAICS 42 Wholesale trade NAICS 42	338	$81,310	$271,644	−$161,556	$2,033
NAICS 53 Real estate and rental and leasing NAICS 53	282	$65,053	$211,130	−$222,070	$1,626
NAICS 52 Finance and insurance NAICS 52	253	$76,834	$254,983	−$178,217	$1,921
NAICS 51 Information NAICS 51	119	$49,064	$151,613	−$281,587	$1,227
NAICS 22 Utilities NAICS 22	104	$76,164	$252,489	−$180,711	$1,904
NAICS 99 Unclassified NAICS 99	65	$49,505	$153,255	−$279,945	$1,238
NAICS 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting NAICS 11	12	$42,800	$128,297	−$304,903	$1,070

Subsector	Employment	Avg annual wage	Affordable home price	vs. median value	Affordable monthly rent
NAICS 722 Food services and drinking places NAICS 722	2,499	$25,338	$63,297	−$369,903	$633
NAICS 611 Educational services NAICS 611	2,166	$56,348	$178,727	−$254,473	$1,409
NAICS 541 Professional, scientific, and technical services NAICS 541	1,469	$84,907	$285,033	−$148,167	$2,123
NAICS 455 General merchandise retailers NAICS 455	1,104	$30,104	$81,038	−$352,162	$753
NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors NAICS 238	1,056	$62,611	$202,040	−$231,160	$1,565
NAICS 621 Ambulatory health care services NAICS 621	961	$79,416	$264,594	−$168,606	$1,985
NAICS 721 Accommodation NAICS 721	838	$31,665	$86,848	−$346,352	$792
NAICS 713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries NAICS 713	830	$20,761	$46,260	−$386,940	$519
NAICS 445 Food and beverage retailers NAICS 445	645	$29,684	$79,474	−$353,726	$742
NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers NAICS 441	537	$54,256	$170,940	−$262,260	$1,356
NAICS 928 National security and international affairs NAICS 928	493	$91,415	$309,258	−$123,942	$2,285
NAICS 624 Social assistance NAICS 624	484	$41,473	$123,357	−$309,843	$1,037
NAICS 922 Justice, public order, and safety activities NAICS 922	466	$73,278	$241,746	−$191,454	$1,832
NAICS 236 Construction of buildings NAICS 236	439	$71,027	$233,367	−$199,833	$1,776
NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises NAICS 551	421	$88,479	$298,329	−$134,871	$2,212
NAICS 811 Repair and maintenance NAICS 811	387	$54,727	$172,693	−$260,507	$1,368
NAICS 444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers NAICS 444	384	$32,086	$88,415	−$344,785	$802
NAICS 812 Personal and laundry services NAICS 812	269	$33,615	$94,107	−$339,093	$840
NAICS 459 Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers NAICS 459	267	$27,586	$71,665	−$361,535	$690
NAICS 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing NAICS 335	249	$65,696	$213,523	−$219,677	$1,642
NAICS 484 Truck transportation NAICS 484	243	$60,070	$192,581	−$240,619	$1,502
NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods NAICS 423	228	$78,141	$259,848	−$173,352	$1,954
NAICS 531 Real estate NAICS 531	217	$69,088	$226,149	−$207,051	$1,727
NAICS 449 Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers NAICS 449	187	$47,870	$147,169	−$286,031	$1,197
NAICS 926 Administration of economic programs NAICS 926	186	$72,896	$240,324	−$192,876	$1,822
NAICS 457 Gasoline stations and fuel dealers NAICS 457	184	$31,974	$87,999	−$345,201	$799
NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction NAICS 237	175	$71,004	$233,281	−$199,919	$1,775
NAICS 921 Executive, legislative, and other general government support NAICS 921	172	$49,767	$154,230	−$278,970	$1,244
NAICS 561 Administrative and support services NAICS 561	167	$52,810	$165,557	−$267,643	$1,320
NAICS 712 Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions NAICS 712	138	$53,877	$169,529	−$263,671	$1,347
NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities NAICS 522	131	$68,007	$222,126	−$211,074	$1,700
NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities NAICS 524	108	$67,495	$220,220	−$212,980	$1,687
NAICS 221 Utilities NAICS 221	104	$76,164	$252,489	−$180,711	$1,904
NAICS 813 Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations NAICS 813	90	$27,761	$72,316	−$360,884	$694
NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation NAICS 488	84	$75,111	$248,569	−$184,631	$1,878
NAICS 519 Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services NAICS 519	77	$23,493	$56,429	−$376,771	$587
NAICS 425 Wholesale trade agents and brokers NAICS 425	74	$90,640	$306,373	−$126,827	$2,266
NAICS 491 Postal service NAICS 491	69	$60,195	$193,047	−$240,153	$1,505
NAICS 927 Space research and technology NAICS 927	68	$146,770	$515,308	+$82,108	$3,669
NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services NAICS 532	65	$51,583	$160,990	−$272,210	$1,290
NAICS 999 Unclassified NAICS 999	65	$49,505	$153,255	−$279,945	$1,238
NAICS 925 Administration of housing programs, urban planning, and community development NAICS 925	58	$48,884	$150,943	−$282,257	$1,222
NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing NAICS 334	44	$72,290	$238,068	−$195,132	$1,807
NAICS 814 Private households NAICS 814	41	$30,216	$81,455	−$351,745	$755
NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing NAICS 332	39	$56,321	$178,626	−$254,574	$1,408
NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods NAICS 424	36	$82,205	$274,975	−$158,225	$2,055
NAICS 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing NAICS 339	16	$87,126	$293,293	−$139,907	$2,178
NAICS 523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities NAICS 523	14	$231,459	$830,549	+$397,349	$5,786
NAICS 623 Nursing and residential care facilities NAICS 623	8	$65,403	$212,433	−$220,767	$1,635
NAICS 517 Telecommunications NAICS 517	8	$66,388	$216,099	−$217,101	$1,660
NAICS 923 Administration of human resource programs NAICS 923	4	$63,030	$203,600	−$229,600	$1,576

Affordable home price assumes the industry's average earner uses 30% of gross income for housing, with a 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr taxes & insurance, and 0.5% PMI. Adjust the Section 3 calculator for other terms. Affordable rent is 30% of monthly gross pay.

Source: BLS QCEW Annual Averages, 2024; ACS 5-year 2024 (median home value).

Section 5

Wages by Occupation

Selected essential-worker occupations for the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county — jobs, the 10-year change, wages, and the housing each typical earner can afford. Both jobs counts and wages are reported at the MSA / nonmetropolitan-area level (BLS does not publish OEWS at the county level), so every county inside the same area shows the same numbers. For county-accurate employment totals, see Section 4 above.

Occupational wages and affordable housing

Occupation	2025 jobs	2015–2025 change	% change	Hourly wage	Annual wage	Affordable home price	Affordable monthly rent
Fast Food and Counter Workers SOC 35-3023 · prior-year code differs	22,520	(1,870)	(8%)	$14.65	$30,460	$82,363	$762
Cashiers SOC 41-2011	16,840	(5,570)	(25%)	$14.72	$30,620	$82,959	$766
Childcare Workers SOC 39-9011	2,830	840	42%	$15.25	$31,720	$87,053	$793
Retail Salespersons SOC 41-2031	20,890	(7,690)	(27%)	$16.44	$34,180	$96,210	$855
Janitors and Cleaners SOC 37-2011	11,840	(30)	(0%)	$16.73	$34,790	$98,481	$870
Home Health and Personal Care Aides SOC 31-1131 · prior-year code differs	8,110	(1,640)	(17%)	$19.43	$40,420	$119,437	$1,011
Construction Laborers SOC 47-2061	5,660	1,560	38%	$19.65	$40,870	$121,113	$1,022
Tellers SOC 43-3071	1,320	(660)	(33%)	$20.60	$42,850	$128,483	$1,071
Waiters and Waitresses SOC 35-3031	13,100	(460)	(3%)	$21.40	$44,510	$134,662	$1,113
Office Clerks, General SOC 43-9061	12,490	(4,050)	(24%)	$21.67	$45,080	$136,784	$1,127
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General SOC 49-9071	7,100	430	6%	$24.45	$50,850	$158,261	$1,271
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers SOC 53-3032	7,460	1,300	21%	$25.80	$53,660	$168,721	$1,342
Carpenters SOC 47-2031	4,020	30	1%	$26.13	$54,350	$171,290	$1,359
Firefighters SOC 33-2011	2,880	—	—	$27.65	$57,510	$183,052	$1,438
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SOC 47-2152	5,100	380	8%	$28.50	$59,280	$189,641	$1,482
Electricians SOC 47-2111	5,740	830	17%	$30.30	$63,030	$203,600	$1,576
Paramedics SOC 29-2043 · prior-year code differs	400	(780)	(66%)	$31.01	$64,500	$209,071	$1,613
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers SOC 33-3051	4,320	(110)	(2%)	$32.34	$67,270	$219,382	$1,682
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education SOC 25-2021	7,130	50	1%	—	$72,010	$237,026	$1,800
Registered Nurses SOC 29-1141	16,870	3,170	23%	$42.96	$89,350	$301,572	$2,234

Affordable home price uses the same Section 3 formula (30% housing budget, 30-year mortgage at 7%, 5% down, $2,500/yr T&I, 0.5% PMI). Affordable rent is 30% of monthly wages. Negative job-change values are shown in red parentheses. A "prior-year code differs" note flags occupations whose SOC code changed between the two vintages (2010 SOC → 2018 SOC) — the change estimate is best-effort.

Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 (10-year change vs. May 2015). Jobs counts and wages reflect the MSA or nonmetropolitan area containing this county, not the county alone — OEWS is not published at the county level.

Methodology & sources

All figures derive from the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. State and national comparisons are population-weighted aggregates of county-level estimates (an approximation; ACS publishes its own state and national medians which can differ slightly).

The affordability calculator uses a 30% housing-budget rule with a 30-year mortgage. Defaults are 7% interest, 5% down, $2,500/year taxes and insurance, and 0.5% PMI — adjustable above.

Variables: 51199 · pulled from Full Housing Data Table.xlsx.